Abstract for: Applying Qualitative Systems Dynamics and Social Network Analysis to Study One Health Policy Processes and Networks in Peru

Zoonoses -diseases transmitted between animals and humans- remain a persistent global health challenge, disproportionately affecting low-resource settings. Zoonoses are driven by complex interactions among environmental, social, and economic factors. Integrated approaches such as One Health(OH) encourage collaboration, coordination, and communication among sectors. However, organizational and policy barriers hinder collaborations for effective zoonoses prevention and control, underscoring the need to understand policy processes and networks for improved governance and coordinated action. We conducted a case study using multiple methods: 75 semi-structured interviews and 77 network surveys with policymakers and experts on zoonoses in Peru (June-November 2023). Participants represented human, animal, and environmental systems at national and subnational levels. We applied rapid qualitative methods (RQM) to analyse interviews, qualitative system dynamics (QSD) to map zoonoses risk factors, and social network analysis (SNA) to evaluate multisectoral connections. Findings revealed that zoonotic risk factors span pets, humans, wildlife, and livestock, and are shaped by economic, social, and environmental forces. Collaboration was strongest between human and agricultural sectors, with weaker links to environmental health and between national and subnational actors. Barriers included regulatory and funding gaps, resource inequities, and unclear environmental health roles, underscoring the need to strengthen governance for effective One Health implementation. By applying OH and multiple methods, including systems science methods, we captured diverse sectoral perspectives across government levels in Peru. Participants conceptualized zoonoses risk factors as structurally embedded within socio-economic, cultural, and environmental systems. Limited connections between national and sub-national levels impede implementation and feedback. Further research should examine current multisectoral rules and the evolution of policy networks to inform strategies to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of OH.