Abstract for: Spreadsheets – an organization’s bane or boon? An exploratory study using system dynamics modelling

This paper discusses whether Excel is not a true "living fossil" due to its continuous evolution, or whether it aligns more with the concept of constant adaptation and evolution, akin to species speciation and radiation. The other question that is investigated as to whether Excel's role might diminish as businesses adopt new technology models and platforms to remain competitive and handle digital information innovatively. The paper also touches on the complexities of software choices, distinguishing between dynamic complexity and detail complexity. Excel appears to be superior at handling detailed complexity but may fall short in addressing dynamic complexity and understanding the inter-relationship between variables in complex systems, where other tools such as system dynamics may be better suited. Despite its limitations, Excel continues to offer value in specific contexts, even as businesses consider alternatives aligned with evolving technological landscapes, however, it has limitations in addressing the in-depth critical data analysis required by businesses aligning with the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). This was then explored through a case study and this is illustrated through examples and then compared with tackling the same problem using system dynamics modelling.