Documentation Of MoF model-ISDC2015



Quick Links All Variables Variable Types Views Groups Macros Feedback Loops Loop List No IVV Loop List With IVV Link Polarity View Summary View-Variable Profile

Model Assessment Results
Model Information Result
97
9 (9.3%)
9 (9.3%)
143 (63|80|0)
143 (63|80|0)
147 (112|31|4)
0
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
21 (21.6%)
93 (95.9%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
Time Unit
year
Initial Time
2001
Final Time
2021
Reported Time Interval
TIME STEP
Time Step
0.0078125
Model Is Fully Formulated
Yes
Model Defined Groups
No

Warnings Result
32 (33.0%)
14 (14.4%)
0 (0.0%)
1 (1.0%)
0 (0.0%)
2 (2.1%)
1 (1.0%)
9 (9.3%)
1 (1.0%)
1 (1.0%)

Potential Omissions Result
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
3 (3.1%)
0 (0.0%)


Variable Types

L: Level (7 / 7)* SM: Smooth (1 / 1)* DE: Delay (1 / 1)*† LI: Level Initial (0) I: Initial (0 / 0)*
C: Constant (28 / 28)* F: Flow (11 / 11)* A: Auxiliary (62 / 62)* Sub: Subscripts (0) D: Data (4 / 4)*
G: Game (0 / 0)* T: Lookup (4 / 4)*††      
* (State Variables Total Stocks) † Total Stocks Do Not Include Fixed Delay Variables. †† (Lookup Tables).  

Views

View 1 (93)    



Groups

MoF model-ISDC2015 (93)    



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Top(All) Variables (97 Variables)
Group
Type
 Variable Name And Description
MoF model-ISDC2015 #1
C		 % annual revenue ringfenced per year (Dmnl/year)
= 0.4
Description: Equating to 40% of revenue each year being ringfenced for maintenance. Held constant in the baseline simulation and tested using sensitivity analysis. Possible variable for further policy testing.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #2
C		 % cost recovery (Dmnl)
= 0.4
Description: 40% cost recovery
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #3
C		 % of other urban users billable (Dmnl)
= 0.75
Description: This constant caters for the approximate proportion of other urban water users (including businesses and state institutions) that have meters and that the municipality bills for water
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • potential billable water Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #4
A		 actual maintenance expenditure (R/year)
= averaged revenue available for maintenance per year+annual municipal financial bailout
Description: Sum of the averaged revenue and the municipal bailout.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #5
A		 actual production (ML/year)
= MIN(Infrastructure capacity+Required additional capacity, (Infrastructure capacity*"maximum over-design capacity factor"))
Description: This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 108 (75.5%) (+) 46  [12,26] (-) 62  [5,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #6
C		 annual budgetary adjustment (year)
= 1
Description: this variable performs the function of the 'lag time' in the DELAY FIXED function in the "Revenue outflow" flow.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #7
C		 annual municipal financial bailout (R/year)
= 150000
Description: The "bailout" constant simulates an annual injection of finances by the municipality to cover emergency maintenance. This constant is currently set rather crudely, but without it, absolutely no maintenance could be done.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #8
C		 average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (R/(ML/year))
= 2500
Description: Estimate. Needs further validation.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #9
C		 average annual water use per connected household (ML/(households*year))
= 0.347
Description: Average unit consumption figures of 250l/c/day for erf-connected households (Amatola Water, 2014):: 250*3.8*365 = 346750 l/Hh/a = (0.347 ML/Hh/year)
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #10
C		 average annual water user per unconnected household (ML/households/year)
= 0.23
Description: Average unit consumption figures of 130l/c/day for RDP or less supply (Amatola Water, 2014): 6-7): 130*5[average no. of ppl/unconnected Hh]*365 = 237 250 l/Hh/a = 0.23ML/Hh/a
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #11
C,D		 average connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)
= GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'av conn rate','2','B3')
Description: Estimates for 'connection rate' between 2006 and 2009 drawn from Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005) and validated through stakeholder interviews.See Table B.2 - Column 4 for details.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #12
C		 average lifetime of infrastructure (year)
= 30
Description: Averaging of differentiated depreciation (based on different asset types) is 30 YEARS.- this is based on the major 5 classes of assets listed in the 'depreciation table' on pages 74-5 in the following: Amatola Water. (2012). Annual Report 2011/2012. East London. Retrieved from http://www.amatolawater.co.za/files/documents/Annual_Report_2012_web.pdf
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #13
C		 average loss percentage (Dmnl)
= 0.3
Description: Accounting for an average bulk water loss of 30%. Held constant in the baseline simulation but a policy measure that can be tested (and which is tested in the sensitivity analysis).
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #14
C,D		 average no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)
= GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'unconnected Hh','2','B3')
Description: See Table B.2 - Column 3
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #15
C,D		 average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)
= GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'connected Hh','2','B3')
Description: See Table B.2 - Column 2
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #16
C		 average refurbishment and construction time (year)
= 5
Description: Average construction time of five years (from initiation to infrastructure coming online). This variable is tested in the sensitivity analysis between the range of 1.5 and 7.5 years.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
  • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #17
C		 average residency (year)
= 10
Description: Estimate of 10 years. Based on researcher's experience of low turnover of staff in the SRVM technical directorate between 2010 and 2015.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #18
SM		 averaged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
= SMOOTH(Revenue dedicated to maintenance,DELAY TIME)
Description: Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #19
L		 Connected households (households)
= ∫connection rate dt + 700
Description: (i.e. waterborne sanitation plus household water connection) - ref. Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005)
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #20
A		 connected households population (person)
= Connected households*"average no. ppl. per connected household DATA"
Description: total population living in connected households
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #21
F,A		 connection rate (households/year)
= MAX(Unconnected households*average connection rate DATA, 0)
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #22
A		 current productivity per unit technical staff capacity (ML/year/person/year)
= reference unit productivity*effect of technical staffing crisis
Description: The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #23
A		 current supply of water (ML/year)
= potential supply of water*(1-0.95*pulse if crisis)
Description: the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #24
A		 current total delivered water (ML/year)
= Current total delivered water to households+water delivered to other urban users
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 24 (16.8%) (+) 12  [12,24] (-) 12  [12,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #25
A		 Current total delivered water to households (ML/year)
= water delivered to connected households+water delivered to unconnected households
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 16 (11.2%) (+) 8  [13,24] (-) 8  [13,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #26
A		 current total discrepancy (ML/year)
= discrepancy in water delivered to connected households+discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households+discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 69 (48.3%) (+) 27  [13,24] (-) 42  [8,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #27
A		 current total household water demand (ML/year)
= water demand of connected households+water demand of unconnected households
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #28
A		 current TOTAL water demand (ML/year)
= current total household water demand+current total water demand from other urban users
Description: Sum of household and demand from other water users
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #29
A		 current total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)
= current total household water demand*0.5
Description: The assumption here is that the total amount of non-household water use in Kirkwood is roughly equal to 50% of the current total household water demand (this is an interim proxy variable).
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #30
C		 DELAY TIME (year)
= 1
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #31
A		 discrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
= water demand of connected households-water delivered to connected households
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #32
A		 discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
= current total water demand from other urban users-water delivered to other urban users
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #33
A		 discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
= water demand of unconnected households-water delivered to unconnected households
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #34
A,T		 effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP([(-11,0)-(50,10)],(-11,1),(-10,1),(0,1),(0.25,1.4),(0.5,1.65),(0.75,2),(1,9.3),(3,9.87),(4,10),(10,10),(50,10))

Description: x axis = "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water"y axis = "effect of service delivery discrepancy on crises". See Figure A.8 and Equation 23 as described in Appendix A.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #35
A		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)
= effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP(ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance)
Description: The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #36
A,T		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP([(-5,0)-(5,2)],(-5,1.5),(0,1.5),(0.0407332,1.49524),(0.0977597,1.45714),(0.175153,1.39048),(0.248473,1.31429),(0.346232,1.25714),(0.448065,1.2),(0.562118,1.1619),(0.708758,1.11429),(0.830957,1.05714),(1.05092,0.942857),(1.11202,0.895238),(1.1446,0.87619),(1.27088,0.838095),(1.38941,0.805714),(1.51039,0.797143),(1.5947,0.797143),(1.66436,0.797143),(1.73768,0.78),(1.79633,0.77),(1.80448,0.765),(1.89002,0.75),(1.95519,0.745),(1.97556,0.73),(1.99593,0.725),(2,0.7),(5,0.7))

Description: x axis: maintenance performed;y axis: effect of maintenance performed on obsolescence rate.See Figure A.9 of Appendix A.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #37
A		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
= "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"(ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity)
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
Feedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #38
A,T		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
"effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"([(0,0)-(1.3,1.5)],(0,1),(1,1),(1.03788,1.02857),(1.0723,1.06429),(1.11731,1.12857),(1.14908,1.16429),(1.16762,1.19286),(1.21527,1.25),(1.26558,1.27143),(1.29206,1.27857),(1.30265,1.27143))

Description: X axis = over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity;Y axis = effect of 'x' on obsolescence rate (see Figure A.4 in Appendix A for details).
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #39
A		 effect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)
= effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP(ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water)
Description: Service delivery discrepancy is calculated using the variable "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water".The greater the discrepancy, the greater the effect of the discrepancy on crises.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • total required technical activities The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
Feedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #40
A		 effect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
= effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP(technical staffing crisis)
Description: Effect of work pressure is to increase productivity
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • current productivity per unit technical staff capacity The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #41
A,T		 effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP([(0,0)-(50,10)],(0,0.05),(0.3,0.18),(0.5,0.7),(0.8,0.9),(1,1),(1.3,1.2),(2,1.5),(5,1.5),(50,1.5))

Description: See Figure A.7 in Appendix A for description.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
.Control #42
C		 FINAL TIME (year)
= 2021
Description: The final time for the simulation.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #43
A		 financial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
= ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure*required maintenance
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [7,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #44
C		 fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (Dmnl/year)
= 0.9
Description: Currently set at 90% of the remaining (houseless) population in the Greater Kirkwood area as moving into unconnected households - could be set at 1 (or 0.99) though, which might be more realistic given that vast majority of housing backlog is poor individuals moving into unconnected households.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #45
F,A		 growth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
= (remaining population requiring households/"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA")*fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #46
F,A		 hiring (person/year)
= hiring rate
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #47
C		 hiring rate (person/year)
= 0.5
Description: Estimate.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #48
L		 Infrastructure capacity (ML/year)
= ∫infrastructure completions-obsolescence rate dt + 1825
Description: Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
  • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
  • ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
  • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
Feedback Loops: 117 (81.8%) (+) 56  [4,26] (-) 61  [2,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #49
F,A		 infrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
= MIN((Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time), 0.75*technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
Description: this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 26  [6,17] (-) 32  [2,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #50
L		 Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
= ∫refurbishment and construction initiation-infrastructure completions dt + 0
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
  • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
Feedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 27  [5,24] (-) 31  [2,24]
.Control #51
C		 INITIAL TIME (year)
= 2001
Description: The initial time for the simulation.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #52
C,D		 Kirkwood population DATA (person)
= GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx','pop data','2','B3')
Description: Population data in excel document "Kirkwood population data.xlsx" is from Statistics South Africa and Amatola Water (2014)Population data growth between 2001 and 2011 averages out at 3.7%/a - which is assumed to be primarily resulting from urbanisation from farming areas of the SRVM to the Kirkwood region (as recorded in report (Amatola Water, 2014) and validated by experiences of technical directorate.From 2011 - 2021 population growth rate is estimated at 1.5%/a - which report (Amatola Water, 2014) uses as 'medium growth as the 'medium growth scenario' and uses this for future projections. See Table B.2
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #53
F,A		 leaving (person/year)
= Technical staff capacity in municipality/average residency
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #54
C		 maximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)
= 1.3
Description: The maximum 'over-design capacity' factor is set at 1.3 (equating to 30% additional capacity). This is set as standard for all simulations except the simulation in which it is switched off ("No infrastructure overuse"), where it is set to 1.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #56
F,A		 obsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))
= (Infrastructure capacity/average lifetime of infrastructure)*effect of maintenance on obsolescence*"effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence"
Description: Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • Infrastructure capacity Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
Feedback Loops: 71 (49.7%) (+) 33  [4,26] (-) 38  [2,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #57
C		 perception of urgency (1/year)
= 0.1
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
  • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #58
A		 potential billable water (ML/year)
= water delivered to connected households+(water delivered to other urban users*"% of other urban users billable")
Description: Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #59
A		 potential maintenance (ML/(year*year))
= MIN(technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance,financial constraints on maintenance)
Description: This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 65 (45.5%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 34  [9,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #60
A		 potential supply of water (ML/year)
= actual production*MAX((1-average loss percentage),0.3)
Description: "Potential supply of water" is the water that is available for delivering to users.
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
Feedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #61
A		 pulse if crisis (Dmnl)
= PULSE(INITIAL TIME + 50, 0.019231)
Description: Necessary to simulate one week interruption in water supply, starting 7.5 years after the initiation of the simulation
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #62
A		 pulse train annual income (year/year)
= PULSE TRAIN(INITIAL TIME+1, 1, 2, FINAL TIME)
Description: See Equation 16 in Appendix A.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #63
A		 ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
= actual maintenance expenditure/required maintenance expenditure per year
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 13 (9.1%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #64
A		 ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)
= actual production/Infrastructure capacity
Description: Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #65
A		 ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)
= current total discrepancy/current total delivered water
Description: This ratio is used to drive the 'crisis effect'
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #66
A		 ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
= potential maintenance/required maintenance
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #67
A		 ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
= required maintenance/total required technical activities
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 15  [8,19] (-) 8  [9,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #68
A		 ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
= required secondary activities/total required technical activities
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 70 (49.0%) (+) 34  [5,24] (-) 36  [5,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #69
F,A		 recognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
= IF THEN ELSE((current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy)>0,(current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy), 0)
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • Required additional capacity Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
Feedback Loops: 45 (31.5%) (+) 15  [14,19] (-) 30  [8,21]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #70
C		 reference maintenance value (Dmnl/year)
= 0.08
Description: Estimate: amount of infrastructure capacity that needs to be maintained, per year, for optimum performance is an average value of 8% of the infrastructure capacity
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #71
C		 reference unit productivity (ML/year/person/year)
= 20
Description: The reference value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year (estimated value of 20 used in baseline simulation model - tested in sensitivity analysis).
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #72
F,A		 refurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
= MIN(Required additional capacity*perception of urgency,0.25* technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
Description: Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 32  [5,26] (-) 48  [2,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #73
A		 remaining population requiring households (person)
= MAX(Kirkwood population DATA-connected households population-unconnected households population, 0)
Description: population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #74
L		 Required additional capacity (ML/year)
= ∫recognition of discrepancy-refurbishment and construction initiation dt + 0
Description: Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
  • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
  • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
Feedback Loops: 79 (55.2%) (+) 23  [6,26] (-) 56  [2,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #75
A		 required maintenance (ML/(year*year))
= Infrastructure capacity*reference maintenance value
Description: Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 32 (22.4%) (+) 14  [7,26] (-) 18  [5,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #76
A		 required maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)
= required maintenance*average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [9,9]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #77
A		 required secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
= (Required additional capacity*perception of urgency) + (Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time)
Description: Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 72 (50.3%) (+) 29  [5,24] (-) 43  [5,24]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #78
A		 required technical staff capacity (person)
= (required maintenance +required secondary activities)/reference unit productivity
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • technical staffing crisis The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #79
F,A		 Revenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
= MAX(Revenue from water service delivery*"% annual revenue ringfenced per year", 0)
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
  • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
  • averaged revenue available for maintenance per year Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #80
L		 Revenue from water service delivery (R)
= ∫Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance-Revenue outflow dt + 0
Description: Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #81
F,A		 Revenue inflow (R/year)
= ((potential billable water*unit charge)*"% cost recovery")*pulse train annual income
Present In 1 View:Used By
  • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
  • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
Feedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
MoF model-ISDC2015 #82
DE,F,A		 Revenue outflow (R/year)
= DELAY FIXED (MAX((Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance), 0), annual budgetary adjustment, 0)
Description: This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 7 (4.9%) (+) 3  [3,26] (-) 4  [18,24]
.Control #83
A		 SAVEPER (year )
= TIME STEP
Description: The frequency with which output is stored.
Present In 0 Views:
    Used By
      Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
      MoF model-ISDC2015 #84
      A      		 technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
      =       ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
      Present In 1 View:Used By
      • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
      Feedback Loops: 51 (35.7%) (+) 24  [8,24] (-) 27  [9,24]
      MoF model-ISDC2015 #85
      A      		 technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
      =       ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
      Description: Constraining effect of technical staff on secondary activities (including the planning, funding and initiating of infrastructure refurbishment and construction). This is the constraining effect influencing the infrastructure sub-model.
      Present In 1 View:Used By
      • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
      • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
      Feedback Loops: 98 (68.5%) (+) 42  [5,26] (-) 56  [5,25]
      MoF model-ISDC2015 #86
      L      		 Technical staff capacity in municipality (person)
      = ∫      hiring-leaving dt + 10
      Description: Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
      Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
      MoF model-ISDC2015 #87
      A      		 technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
      =       required technical staff capacity/Technical staff capacity in municipality
      Description: The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
      Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
      .Control #89
      C      		 TIME STEP (year )
      = 0.0078125
      Description: The time step for the simulation.
      Present In 0 Views:
        Used By
        • SAVEPER The frequency with which output is stored.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #90
        C        		 time to identify discrepancy (year)
        = 1
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #91
        A        		 total required technical activities (ML/(year*year))
        = (        required maintenance+required secondary activities)* effect of service delivery crises on technical activities
        Description: The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 47  [6,24] (-) 33  [6,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #92
        L        		 Unconnected households (households)
        = ∫"        growth in no. of unconnected households"-connection rate dt + 1500
        Description: Initialised at 1500 households (Reference: Kwezi V3 Engineers)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 3 (2.1%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #93
        A        		 unconnected households population (person)
        =         Unconnected households*"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA"
        Description: Total population living in unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [4,4] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #94
        C        		 unit charge (R/ML)
        = 1000
        Description: Guess: R10/KL = R1000/MLNote: this is the unit charge per ML of water - as paid by "fully connected households" and "other urban water users". Needs additional work for validating
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #95
        A        		 water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of connected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [13,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #96
        A        		 water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        = (        current total water demand from other urban users/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [12,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #97
        A        		 water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of unconnected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 31 (21.7%) (+) 13  [13,24] (-) 18  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #98
        A        		 water demand of connected households (ML/year)
        =         Connected households*average annual water use per connected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #99
        A        		 water demand of unconnected households (ML/year)
        =         Unconnected households*average annual water user per unconnected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        Top(View) View 1 (93 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #1
        C        		 % annual revenue ringfenced per year (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.4
        Description: Equating to 40% of revenue each year being ringfenced for maintenance. Held constant in the baseline simulation and tested using sensitivity analysis. Possible variable for further policy testing.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #2
        C        		 % cost recovery (Dmnl)
        = 0.4
        Description: 40% cost recovery
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #3
        C        		 % of other urban users billable (Dmnl)
        = 0.75
        Description: This constant caters for the approximate proportion of other urban water users (including businesses and state institutions) that have meters and that the municipality bills for water
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • potential billable water Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #4
        A        		 actual maintenance expenditure (R/year)
        =         averaged revenue available for maintenance per year+annual municipal financial bailout
        Description: Sum of the averaged revenue and the municipal bailout.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #5
        A        		 actual production (ML/year)
        = MIN(        Infrastructure capacity+Required additional capacity, (Infrastructure capacity*"maximum over-design capacity factor"))
        Description: This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 108 (75.5%) (+) 46  [12,26] (-) 62  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #6
        C        		 annual budgetary adjustment (year)
        = 1
        Description: this variable performs the function of the 'lag time' in the DELAY FIXED function in the "Revenue outflow" flow.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #7
        C        		 annual municipal financial bailout (R/year)
        = 150000
        Description: The "bailout" constant simulates an annual injection of finances by the municipality to cover emergency maintenance. This constant is currently set rather crudely, but without it, absolutely no maintenance could be done.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #8
        C        		 average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (R/(ML/year))
        = 2500
        Description: Estimate. Needs further validation.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #9
        C        		 average annual water use per connected household (ML/(households*year))
        = 0.347
        Description: Average unit consumption figures of 250l/c/day for erf-connected households (Amatola Water, 2014):: 250*3.8*365 = 346750 l/Hh/a = (0.347 ML/Hh/year)
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #10
        C        		 average annual water user per unconnected household (ML/households/year)
        = 0.23
        Description: Average unit consumption figures of 130l/c/day for RDP or less supply (Amatola Water, 2014): 6-7): 130*5[average no. of ppl/unconnected Hh]*365 = 237 250 l/Hh/a = 0.23ML/Hh/a
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #11
        C,D        		 average connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'av conn rate','2','B3')
        Description: Estimates for 'connection rate' between 2006 and 2009 drawn from Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005) and validated through stakeholder interviews.See Table B.2 - Column 4 for details.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #12
        C        		 average lifetime of infrastructure (year)
        = 30
        Description: Averaging of differentiated depreciation (based on different asset types) is 30 YEARS.- this is based on the major 5 classes of assets listed in the 'depreciation table' on pages 74-5 in the following: Amatola Water. (2012). Annual Report 2011/2012. East London. Retrieved from http://www.amatolawater.co.za/files/documents/Annual_Report_2012_web.pdf
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #13
        C        		 average loss percentage (Dmnl)
        = 0.3
        Description: Accounting for an average bulk water loss of 30%. Held constant in the baseline simulation but a policy measure that can be tested (and which is tested in the sensitivity analysis).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #14
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'unconnected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 3
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #15
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'connected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 2
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #16
        C        		 average refurbishment and construction time (year)
        = 5
        Description: Average construction time of five years (from initiation to infrastructure coming online). This variable is tested in the sensitivity analysis between the range of 1.5 and 7.5 years.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #17
        C        		 average residency (year)
        = 10
        Description: Estimate of 10 years. Based on researcher's experience of low turnover of staff in the SRVM technical directorate between 2010 and 2015.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #18
        SM        		 averaged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
        = SMOOTH(        Revenue dedicated to maintenance,DELAY TIME)
        Description: Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #19
        L        		 Connected households (households)
        = ∫        connection rate dt + 700
        Description: (i.e. waterborne sanitation plus household water connection) - ref. Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #20
        A        		 connected households population (person)
        =         Connected households*"average no. ppl. per connected household DATA"
        Description: total population living in connected households
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #21
        F,A        		 connection rate (households/year)
        = MAX(        Unconnected households*average connection rate DATA, 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #22
        A        		 current productivity per unit technical staff capacity (ML/year/person/year)
        =         reference unit productivity*effect of technical staffing crisis
        Description: The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #23
        A        		 current supply of water (ML/year)
        =         potential supply of water*(1-0.95*pulse if crisis)
        Description: the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #24
        A        		 current total delivered water (ML/year)
        =         Current total delivered water to households+water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 24 (16.8%) (+) 12  [12,24] (-) 12  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #25
        A        		 Current total delivered water to households (ML/year)
        =         water delivered to connected households+water delivered to unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 16 (11.2%) (+) 8  [13,24] (-) 8  [13,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #26
        A        		 current total discrepancy (ML/year)
        =         discrepancy in water delivered to connected households+discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households+discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 69 (48.3%) (+) 27  [13,24] (-) 42  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #27
        A        		 current total household water demand (ML/year)
        =         water demand of connected households+water demand of unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #28
        A        		 current TOTAL water demand (ML/year)
        =         current total household water demand+current total water demand from other urban users
        Description: Sum of household and demand from other water users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #29
        A        		 current total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)
        =         current total household water demand*0.5
        Description: The assumption here is that the total amount of non-household water use in Kirkwood is roughly equal to 50% of the current total household water demand (this is an interim proxy variable).
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #30
        C        		 DELAY TIME (year)
        = 1
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #31
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        =         water demand of connected households-water delivered to connected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #32
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        =         current total water demand from other urban users-water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #33
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        =         water demand of unconnected households-water delivered to unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #34
        A,T        		 effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP([(-11,0)-(50,10)],(-11,1),(-10,1),(0,1),(0.25,1.4),(0.5,1.65),(0.75,2),(1,9.3),(3,9.87),(4,10),(10,10),(50,10))

        Description: x axis = "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water"y axis = "effect of service delivery discrepancy on crises". See Figure A.8 and Equation 23 as described in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #35
        A        		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        = effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP(        ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance)
        Description: The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #36
        A,T        		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP([(-5,0)-(5,2)],(-5,1.5),(0,1.5),(0.0407332,1.49524),(0.0977597,1.45714),(0.175153,1.39048),(0.248473,1.31429),(0.346232,1.25714),(0.448065,1.2),(0.562118,1.1619),(0.708758,1.11429),(0.830957,1.05714),(1.05092,0.942857),(1.11202,0.895238),(1.1446,0.87619),(1.27088,0.838095),(1.38941,0.805714),(1.51039,0.797143),(1.5947,0.797143),(1.66436,0.797143),(1.73768,0.78),(1.79633,0.77),(1.80448,0.765),(1.89002,0.75),(1.95519,0.745),(1.97556,0.73),(1.99593,0.725),(2,0.7),(5,0.7))

        Description: x axis: maintenance performed;y axis: effect of maintenance performed on obsolescence rate.See Figure A.9 of Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #37
        A        		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        = "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"(        ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #38
        A,T        		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"([(0,0)-(1.3,1.5)],(0,1),(1,1),(1.03788,1.02857),(1.0723,1.06429),(1.11731,1.12857),(1.14908,1.16429),(1.16762,1.19286),(1.21527,1.25),(1.26558,1.27143),(1.29206,1.27857),(1.30265,1.27143))

        Description: X axis = over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity;Y axis = effect of 'x' on obsolescence rate (see Figure A.4 in Appendix A for details).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #39
        A        		 effect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)
        = effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP(        ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water)
        Description: Service delivery discrepancy is calculated using the variable "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water".The greater the discrepancy, the greater the effect of the discrepancy on crises.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • total required technical activities The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
        Feedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #40
        A        		 effect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        = effect of         technical staffing crisis LOOKUP(technical staffing crisis)
        Description: Effect of work pressure is to increase productivity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current productivity per unit technical staff capacity The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
        Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #41
        A,T        		 effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP([(0,0)-(50,10)],(0,0.05),(0.3,0.18),(0.5,0.7),(0.8,0.9),(1,1),(1.3,1.2),(2,1.5),(5,1.5),(50,1.5))

        Description: See Figure A.7 in Appendix A for description.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #43
        A        		 financial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure*required maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [7,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #44
        C        		 fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.9
        Description: Currently set at 90% of the remaining (houseless) population in the Greater Kirkwood area as moving into unconnected households - could be set at 1 (or 0.99) though, which might be more realistic given that vast majority of housing backlog is poor individuals moving into unconnected households.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #45
        F,A        		 growth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
        = (        remaining population requiring households/"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA")*fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #46
        F,A        		 hiring (person/year)
        =         hiring rate
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #47
        C        		 hiring rate (person/year)
        = 0.5
        Description: Estimate.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #48
        L        		 Infrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        = ∫        infrastructure completions-obsolescence rate dt + 1825
        Description: Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        • ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
        • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Feedback Loops: 117 (81.8%) (+) 56  [4,26] (-) 61  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #49
        F,A        		 infrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        = MIN((        Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time), 0.75*technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 26  [6,17] (-) 32  [2,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #50
        L        		 Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        = ∫        refurbishment and construction initiation-infrastructure completions dt + 0
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 27  [5,24] (-) 31  [2,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #52
        C,D        		 Kirkwood population DATA (person)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx','pop data','2','B3')
        Description: Population data in excel document "Kirkwood population data.xlsx" is from Statistics South Africa and Amatola Water (2014)Population data growth between 2001 and 2011 averages out at 3.7%/a - which is assumed to be primarily resulting from urbanisation from farming areas of the SRVM to the Kirkwood region (as recorded in report (Amatola Water, 2014) and validated by experiences of technical directorate.From 2011 - 2021 population growth rate is estimated at 1.5%/a - which report (Amatola Water, 2014) uses as 'medium growth as the 'medium growth scenario' and uses this for future projections. See Table B.2
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #53
        F,A        		 leaving (person/year)
        =         Technical staff capacity in municipality/average residency
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #54
        C        		 maximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)
        = 1.3
        Description: The maximum 'over-design capacity' factor is set at 1.3 (equating to 30% additional capacity). This is set as standard for all simulations except the simulation in which it is switched off ("No infrastructure overuse"), where it is set to 1.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #56
        F,A        		 obsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))
        = (        Infrastructure capacity/average lifetime of infrastructure)*effect of maintenance on obsolescence*"effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence"
        Description: Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Infrastructure capacity Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
        Feedback Loops: 71 (49.7%) (+) 33  [4,26] (-) 38  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #57
        C        		 perception of urgency (1/year)
        = 0.1
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #58
        A        		 potential billable water (ML/year)
        =         water delivered to connected households+(water delivered to other urban users*"% of other urban users billable")
        Description: Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #59
        A        		 potential maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        = MIN(        technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance,financial constraints on maintenance)
        Description: This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 65 (45.5%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 34  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #60
        A        		 potential supply of water (ML/year)
        =         actual production*MAX((1-average loss percentage),0.3)
        Description: "Potential supply of water" is the water that is available for delivering to users.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Feedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #61
        A        		 pulse if crisis (Dmnl)
        = PULSE(        INITIAL TIME + 50, 0.019231)
        Description: Necessary to simulate one week interruption in water supply, starting 7.5 years after the initiation of the simulation
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #62
        A        		 pulse train annual income (year/year)
        = PULSE TRAIN(        INITIAL TIME+1, 1, 2, FINAL TIME)
        Description: See Equation 16 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #63
        A        		 ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
        =         actual maintenance expenditure/required maintenance expenditure per year
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 13 (9.1%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #64
        A        		 ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)
        =         actual production/Infrastructure capacity
        Description: Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #65
        A        		 ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)
        =         current total discrepancy/current total delivered water
        Description: This ratio is used to drive the 'crisis effect'
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #66
        A        		 ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
        =         potential maintenance/required maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #67
        A        		 ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        =         required maintenance/total required technical activities
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 15  [8,19] (-) 8  [9,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #68
        A        		 ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        =         required secondary activities/total required technical activities
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 70 (49.0%) (+) 34  [5,24] (-) 36  [5,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #69
        F,A        		 recognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
        = IF THEN ELSE((        current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy)>0,(current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy), 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Required additional capacity Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
        Feedback Loops: 45 (31.5%) (+) 15  [14,19] (-) 30  [8,21]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #70
        C        		 reference maintenance value (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.08
        Description: Estimate: amount of infrastructure capacity that needs to be maintained, per year, for optimum performance is an average value of 8% of the infrastructure capacity
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #71
        C        		 reference unit productivity (ML/year/person/year)
        = 20
        Description: The reference value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year (estimated value of 20 used in baseline simulation model - tested in sensitivity analysis).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #72
        F,A        		 refurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        = MIN(        Required additional capacity*perception of urgency,0.25* technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 32  [5,26] (-) 48  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #73
        A        		 remaining population requiring households (person)
        = MAX(        Kirkwood population DATA-connected households population-unconnected households population, 0)
        Description: population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #74
        L        		 Required additional capacity (ML/year)
        = ∫        recognition of discrepancy-refurbishment and construction initiation dt + 0
        Description: Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 79 (55.2%) (+) 23  [6,26] (-) 56  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #75
        A        		 required maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         Infrastructure capacity*reference maintenance value
        Description: Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 32 (22.4%) (+) 14  [7,26] (-) 18  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #76
        A        		 required maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)
        =         required maintenance*average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [9,9]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #77
        A        		 required secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        = (        Required additional capacity*perception of urgency) + (Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time)
        Description: Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 72 (50.3%) (+) 29  [5,24] (-) 43  [5,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #78
        A        		 required technical staff capacity (person)
        = (        required maintenance +required secondary activities)/reference unit productivity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • technical staffing crisis The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #79
        F,A        		 Revenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        = MAX(        Revenue from water service delivery*"% annual revenue ringfenced per year", 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        • averaged revenue available for maintenance per year Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #80
        L        		 Revenue from water service delivery (R)
        = ∫        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance-Revenue outflow dt + 0
        Description: Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #81
        F,A        		 Revenue inflow (R/year)
        = ((        potential billable water*unit charge)*"% cost recovery")*pulse train annual income
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #82
        DE,F,A        		 Revenue outflow (R/year)
        = DELAY FIXED (MAX((        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance), 0), annual budgetary adjustment, 0)
        Description: This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 7 (4.9%) (+) 3  [3,26] (-) 4  [18,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #84
        A        		 technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Feedback Loops: 51 (35.7%) (+) 24  [8,24] (-) 27  [9,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #85
        A        		 technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
        Description: Constraining effect of technical staff on secondary activities (including the planning, funding and initiating of infrastructure refurbishment and construction). This is the constraining effect influencing the infrastructure sub-model.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        Feedback Loops: 98 (68.5%) (+) 42  [5,26] (-) 56  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #86
        L        		 Technical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        = ∫        hiring-leaving dt + 10
        Description: Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #87
        A        		 technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        =         required technical staff capacity/Technical staff capacity in municipality
        Description: The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #90
        C        		 time to identify discrepancy (year)
        = 1
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #91
        A        		 total required technical activities (ML/(year*year))
        = (        required maintenance+required secondary activities)* effect of service delivery crises on technical activities
        Description: The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 47  [6,24] (-) 33  [6,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #92
        L        		 Unconnected households (households)
        = ∫"        growth in no. of unconnected households"-connection rate dt + 1500
        Description: Initialised at 1500 households (Reference: Kwezi V3 Engineers)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 3 (2.1%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #93
        A        		 unconnected households population (person)
        =         Unconnected households*"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA"
        Description: Total population living in unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [4,4] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #94
        C        		 unit charge (R/ML)
        = 1000
        Description: Guess: R10/KL = R1000/MLNote: this is the unit charge per ML of water - as paid by "fully connected households" and "other urban water users". Needs additional work for validating
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #95
        A        		 water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of connected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [13,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #96
        A        		 water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        = (        current total water demand from other urban users/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [12,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #97
        A        		 water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of unconnected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 31 (21.7%) (+) 13  [13,24] (-) 18  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #98
        A        		 water demand of connected households (ML/year)
        =         Connected households*average annual water use per connected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #99
        A        		 water demand of unconnected households (ML/year)
        =         Unconnected households*average annual water user per unconnected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        Top(Group) MoF model-ISDC2015 (93 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #1
        C        		 % annual revenue ringfenced per year (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.4
        Description: Equating to 40% of revenue each year being ringfenced for maintenance. Held constant in the baseline simulation and tested using sensitivity analysis. Possible variable for further policy testing.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #2
        C        		 % cost recovery (Dmnl)
        = 0.4
        Description: 40% cost recovery
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #3
        C        		 % of other urban users billable (Dmnl)
        = 0.75
        Description: This constant caters for the approximate proportion of other urban water users (including businesses and state institutions) that have meters and that the municipality bills for water
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • potential billable water Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #4
        A        		 actual maintenance expenditure (R/year)
        =         averaged revenue available for maintenance per year+annual municipal financial bailout
        Description: Sum of the averaged revenue and the municipal bailout.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #5
        A        		 actual production (ML/year)
        = MIN(        Infrastructure capacity+Required additional capacity, (Infrastructure capacity*"maximum over-design capacity factor"))
        Description: This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 108 (75.5%) (+) 46  [12,26] (-) 62  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #6
        C        		 annual budgetary adjustment (year)
        = 1
        Description: this variable performs the function of the 'lag time' in the DELAY FIXED function in the "Revenue outflow" flow.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #7
        C        		 annual municipal financial bailout (R/year)
        = 150000
        Description: The "bailout" constant simulates an annual injection of finances by the municipality to cover emergency maintenance. This constant is currently set rather crudely, but without it, absolutely no maintenance could be done.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #8
        C        		 average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (R/(ML/year))
        = 2500
        Description: Estimate. Needs further validation.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #9
        C        		 average annual water use per connected household (ML/(households*year))
        = 0.347
        Description: Average unit consumption figures of 250l/c/day for erf-connected households (Amatola Water, 2014):: 250*3.8*365 = 346750 l/Hh/a = (0.347 ML/Hh/year)
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #10
        C        		 average annual water user per unconnected household (ML/households/year)
        = 0.23
        Description: Average unit consumption figures of 130l/c/day for RDP or less supply (Amatola Water, 2014): 6-7): 130*5[average no. of ppl/unconnected Hh]*365 = 237 250 l/Hh/a = 0.23ML/Hh/a
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #11
        C,D        		 average connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'av conn rate','2','B3')
        Description: Estimates for 'connection rate' between 2006 and 2009 drawn from Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005) and validated through stakeholder interviews.See Table B.2 - Column 4 for details.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #12
        C        		 average lifetime of infrastructure (year)
        = 30
        Description: Averaging of differentiated depreciation (based on different asset types) is 30 YEARS.- this is based on the major 5 classes of assets listed in the 'depreciation table' on pages 74-5 in the following: Amatola Water. (2012). Annual Report 2011/2012. East London. Retrieved from http://www.amatolawater.co.za/files/documents/Annual_Report_2012_web.pdf
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #13
        C        		 average loss percentage (Dmnl)
        = 0.3
        Description: Accounting for an average bulk water loss of 30%. Held constant in the baseline simulation but a policy measure that can be tested (and which is tested in the sensitivity analysis).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #14
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'unconnected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 3
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #15
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'connected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 2
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #16
        C        		 average refurbishment and construction time (year)
        = 5
        Description: Average construction time of five years (from initiation to infrastructure coming online). This variable is tested in the sensitivity analysis between the range of 1.5 and 7.5 years.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #17
        C        		 average residency (year)
        = 10
        Description: Estimate of 10 years. Based on researcher's experience of low turnover of staff in the SRVM technical directorate between 2010 and 2015.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #18
        SM        		 averaged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
        = SMOOTH(        Revenue dedicated to maintenance,DELAY TIME)
        Description: Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #19
        L        		 Connected households (households)
        = ∫        connection rate dt + 700
        Description: (i.e. waterborne sanitation plus household water connection) - ref. Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #20
        A        		 connected households population (person)
        =         Connected households*"average no. ppl. per connected household DATA"
        Description: total population living in connected households
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #21
        F,A        		 connection rate (households/year)
        = MAX(        Unconnected households*average connection rate DATA, 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #22
        A        		 current productivity per unit technical staff capacity (ML/year/person/year)
        =         reference unit productivity*effect of technical staffing crisis
        Description: The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #23
        A        		 current supply of water (ML/year)
        =         potential supply of water*(1-0.95*pulse if crisis)
        Description: the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #24
        A        		 current total delivered water (ML/year)
        =         Current total delivered water to households+water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 24 (16.8%) (+) 12  [12,24] (-) 12  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #25
        A        		 Current total delivered water to households (ML/year)
        =         water delivered to connected households+water delivered to unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 16 (11.2%) (+) 8  [13,24] (-) 8  [13,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #26
        A        		 current total discrepancy (ML/year)
        =         discrepancy in water delivered to connected households+discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households+discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 69 (48.3%) (+) 27  [13,24] (-) 42  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #27
        A        		 current total household water demand (ML/year)
        =         water demand of connected households+water demand of unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #28
        A        		 current TOTAL water demand (ML/year)
        =         current total household water demand+current total water demand from other urban users
        Description: Sum of household and demand from other water users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #29
        A        		 current total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)
        =         current total household water demand*0.5
        Description: The assumption here is that the total amount of non-household water use in Kirkwood is roughly equal to 50% of the current total household water demand (this is an interim proxy variable).
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #30
        C        		 DELAY TIME (year)
        = 1
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #31
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        =         water demand of connected households-water delivered to connected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #32
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        =         current total water demand from other urban users-water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #33
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        =         water demand of unconnected households-water delivered to unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #34
        A,T        		 effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP([(-11,0)-(50,10)],(-11,1),(-10,1),(0,1),(0.25,1.4),(0.5,1.65),(0.75,2),(1,9.3),(3,9.87),(4,10),(10,10),(50,10))

        Description: x axis = "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water"y axis = "effect of service delivery discrepancy on crises". See Figure A.8 and Equation 23 as described in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #35
        A        		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        = effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP(        ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance)
        Description: The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #36
        A,T        		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP([(-5,0)-(5,2)],(-5,1.5),(0,1.5),(0.0407332,1.49524),(0.0977597,1.45714),(0.175153,1.39048),(0.248473,1.31429),(0.346232,1.25714),(0.448065,1.2),(0.562118,1.1619),(0.708758,1.11429),(0.830957,1.05714),(1.05092,0.942857),(1.11202,0.895238),(1.1446,0.87619),(1.27088,0.838095),(1.38941,0.805714),(1.51039,0.797143),(1.5947,0.797143),(1.66436,0.797143),(1.73768,0.78),(1.79633,0.77),(1.80448,0.765),(1.89002,0.75),(1.95519,0.745),(1.97556,0.73),(1.99593,0.725),(2,0.7),(5,0.7))

        Description: x axis: maintenance performed;y axis: effect of maintenance performed on obsolescence rate.See Figure A.9 of Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #37
        A        		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        = "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"(        ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #38
        A,T        		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"([(0,0)-(1.3,1.5)],(0,1),(1,1),(1.03788,1.02857),(1.0723,1.06429),(1.11731,1.12857),(1.14908,1.16429),(1.16762,1.19286),(1.21527,1.25),(1.26558,1.27143),(1.29206,1.27857),(1.30265,1.27143))

        Description: X axis = over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity;Y axis = effect of 'x' on obsolescence rate (see Figure A.4 in Appendix A for details).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #39
        A        		 effect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)
        = effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP(        ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water)
        Description: Service delivery discrepancy is calculated using the variable "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water".The greater the discrepancy, the greater the effect of the discrepancy on crises.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • total required technical activities The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
        Feedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #40
        A        		 effect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        = effect of         technical staffing crisis LOOKUP(technical staffing crisis)
        Description: Effect of work pressure is to increase productivity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current productivity per unit technical staff capacity The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
        Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #41
        A,T        		 effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP([(0,0)-(50,10)],(0,0.05),(0.3,0.18),(0.5,0.7),(0.8,0.9),(1,1),(1.3,1.2),(2,1.5),(5,1.5),(50,1.5))

        Description: See Figure A.7 in Appendix A for description.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #43
        A        		 financial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure*required maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [7,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #44
        C        		 fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.9
        Description: Currently set at 90% of the remaining (houseless) population in the Greater Kirkwood area as moving into unconnected households - could be set at 1 (or 0.99) though, which might be more realistic given that vast majority of housing backlog is poor individuals moving into unconnected households.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #45
        F,A        		 growth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
        = (        remaining population requiring households/"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA")*fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #46
        F,A        		 hiring (person/year)
        =         hiring rate
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #47
        C        		 hiring rate (person/year)
        = 0.5
        Description: Estimate.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #48
        L        		 Infrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        = ∫        infrastructure completions-obsolescence rate dt + 1825
        Description: Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        • ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
        • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Feedback Loops: 117 (81.8%) (+) 56  [4,26] (-) 61  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #49
        F,A        		 infrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        = MIN((        Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time), 0.75*technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 26  [6,17] (-) 32  [2,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #50
        L        		 Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        = ∫        refurbishment and construction initiation-infrastructure completions dt + 0
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 27  [5,24] (-) 31  [2,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #52
        C,D        		 Kirkwood population DATA (person)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx','pop data','2','B3')
        Description: Population data in excel document "Kirkwood population data.xlsx" is from Statistics South Africa and Amatola Water (2014)Population data growth between 2001 and 2011 averages out at 3.7%/a - which is assumed to be primarily resulting from urbanisation from farming areas of the SRVM to the Kirkwood region (as recorded in report (Amatola Water, 2014) and validated by experiences of technical directorate.From 2011 - 2021 population growth rate is estimated at 1.5%/a - which report (Amatola Water, 2014) uses as 'medium growth as the 'medium growth scenario' and uses this for future projections. See Table B.2
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #53
        F,A        		 leaving (person/year)
        =         Technical staff capacity in municipality/average residency
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #54
        C        		 maximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)
        = 1.3
        Description: The maximum 'over-design capacity' factor is set at 1.3 (equating to 30% additional capacity). This is set as standard for all simulations except the simulation in which it is switched off ("No infrastructure overuse"), where it is set to 1.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #56
        F,A        		 obsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))
        = (        Infrastructure capacity/average lifetime of infrastructure)*effect of maintenance on obsolescence*"effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence"
        Description: Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Infrastructure capacity Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
        Feedback Loops: 71 (49.7%) (+) 33  [4,26] (-) 38  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #57
        C        		 perception of urgency (1/year)
        = 0.1
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #58
        A        		 potential billable water (ML/year)
        =         water delivered to connected households+(water delivered to other urban users*"% of other urban users billable")
        Description: Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #59
        A        		 potential maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        = MIN(        technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance,financial constraints on maintenance)
        Description: This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 65 (45.5%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 34  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #60
        A        		 potential supply of water (ML/year)
        =         actual production*MAX((1-average loss percentage),0.3)
        Description: "Potential supply of water" is the water that is available for delivering to users.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Feedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #61
        A        		 pulse if crisis (Dmnl)
        = PULSE(        INITIAL TIME + 50, 0.019231)
        Description: Necessary to simulate one week interruption in water supply, starting 7.5 years after the initiation of the simulation
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #62
        A        		 pulse train annual income (year/year)
        = PULSE TRAIN(        INITIAL TIME+1, 1, 2, FINAL TIME)
        Description: See Equation 16 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #63
        A        		 ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
        =         actual maintenance expenditure/required maintenance expenditure per year
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 13 (9.1%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #64
        A        		 ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)
        =         actual production/Infrastructure capacity
        Description: Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #65
        A        		 ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)
        =         current total discrepancy/current total delivered water
        Description: This ratio is used to drive the 'crisis effect'
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #66
        A        		 ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
        =         potential maintenance/required maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #67
        A        		 ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        =         required maintenance/total required technical activities
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 15  [8,19] (-) 8  [9,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #68
        A        		 ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        =         required secondary activities/total required technical activities
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 70 (49.0%) (+) 34  [5,24] (-) 36  [5,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #69
        F,A        		 recognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
        = IF THEN ELSE((        current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy)>0,(current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy), 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Required additional capacity Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
        Feedback Loops: 45 (31.5%) (+) 15  [14,19] (-) 30  [8,21]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #70
        C        		 reference maintenance value (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.08
        Description: Estimate: amount of infrastructure capacity that needs to be maintained, per year, for optimum performance is an average value of 8% of the infrastructure capacity
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #71
        C        		 reference unit productivity (ML/year/person/year)
        = 20
        Description: The reference value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year (estimated value of 20 used in baseline simulation model - tested in sensitivity analysis).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #72
        F,A        		 refurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        = MIN(        Required additional capacity*perception of urgency,0.25* technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 32  [5,26] (-) 48  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #73
        A        		 remaining population requiring households (person)
        = MAX(        Kirkwood population DATA-connected households population-unconnected households population, 0)
        Description: population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #74
        L        		 Required additional capacity (ML/year)
        = ∫        recognition of discrepancy-refurbishment and construction initiation dt + 0
        Description: Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 79 (55.2%) (+) 23  [6,26] (-) 56  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #75
        A        		 required maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         Infrastructure capacity*reference maintenance value
        Description: Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 32 (22.4%) (+) 14  [7,26] (-) 18  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #76
        A        		 required maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)
        =         required maintenance*average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [9,9]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #77
        A        		 required secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        = (        Required additional capacity*perception of urgency) + (Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time)
        Description: Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 72 (50.3%) (+) 29  [5,24] (-) 43  [5,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #78
        A        		 required technical staff capacity (person)
        = (        required maintenance +required secondary activities)/reference unit productivity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • technical staffing crisis The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #79
        F,A        		 Revenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        = MAX(        Revenue from water service delivery*"% annual revenue ringfenced per year", 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        • averaged revenue available for maintenance per year Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #80
        L        		 Revenue from water service delivery (R)
        = ∫        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance-Revenue outflow dt + 0
        Description: Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #81
        F,A        		 Revenue inflow (R/year)
        = ((        potential billable water*unit charge)*"% cost recovery")*pulse train annual income
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #82
        DE,F,A        		 Revenue outflow (R/year)
        = DELAY FIXED (MAX((        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance), 0), annual budgetary adjustment, 0)
        Description: This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 7 (4.9%) (+) 3  [3,26] (-) 4  [18,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #84
        A        		 technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Feedback Loops: 51 (35.7%) (+) 24  [8,24] (-) 27  [9,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #85
        A        		 technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
        Description: Constraining effect of technical staff on secondary activities (including the planning, funding and initiating of infrastructure refurbishment and construction). This is the constraining effect influencing the infrastructure sub-model.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        Feedback Loops: 98 (68.5%) (+) 42  [5,26] (-) 56  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #86
        L        		 Technical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        = ∫        hiring-leaving dt + 10
        Description: Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #87
        A        		 technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        =         required technical staff capacity/Technical staff capacity in municipality
        Description: The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #90
        C        		 time to identify discrepancy (year)
        = 1
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #91
        A        		 total required technical activities (ML/(year*year))
        = (        required maintenance+required secondary activities)* effect of service delivery crises on technical activities
        Description: The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 47  [6,24] (-) 33  [6,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #92
        L        		 Unconnected households (households)
        = ∫"        growth in no. of unconnected households"-connection rate dt + 1500
        Description: Initialised at 1500 households (Reference: Kwezi V3 Engineers)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 3 (2.1%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #93
        A        		 unconnected households population (person)
        =         Unconnected households*"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA"
        Description: Total population living in unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [4,4] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #94
        C        		 unit charge (R/ML)
        = 1000
        Description: Guess: R10/KL = R1000/MLNote: this is the unit charge per ML of water - as paid by "fully connected households" and "other urban water users". Needs additional work for validating
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #95
        A        		 water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of connected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [13,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #96
        A        		 water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        = (        current total water demand from other urban users/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [12,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #97
        A        		 water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of unconnected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 31 (21.7%) (+) 13  [13,24] (-) 18  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #98
        A        		 water demand of connected households (ML/year)
        =         Connected households*average annual water use per connected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #99
        A        		 water demand of unconnected households (ML/year)
        =         Unconnected households*average annual water user per unconnected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        Top(Type) Level (7 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #19
        L        		 Connected households (households)
        = ∫        connection rate dt + 700
        Description: (i.e. waterborne sanitation plus household water connection) - ref. Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #48
        L        		 Infrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        = ∫        infrastructure completions-obsolescence rate dt + 1825
        Description: Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        • ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
        • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Feedback Loops: 117 (81.8%) (+) 56  [4,26] (-) 61  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #50
        L        		 Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        = ∫        refurbishment and construction initiation-infrastructure completions dt + 0
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 27  [5,24] (-) 31  [2,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #74
        L        		 Required additional capacity (ML/year)
        = ∫        recognition of discrepancy-refurbishment and construction initiation dt + 0
        Description: Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 79 (55.2%) (+) 23  [6,26] (-) 56  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #80
        L        		 Revenue from water service delivery (R)
        = ∫        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance-Revenue outflow dt + 0
        Description: Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #86
        L        		 Technical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        = ∫        hiring-leaving dt + 10
        Description: Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #92
        L        		 Unconnected households (households)
        = ∫"        growth in no. of unconnected households"-connection rate dt + 1500
        Description: Initialised at 1500 households (Reference: Kwezi V3 Engineers)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 3 (2.1%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        Top(Type) Smooth (1 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #18
        SM        		 averaged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
        = SMOOTH(        Revenue dedicated to maintenance,DELAY TIME)
        Description: Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        Top(Type) Delay (1 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #82
        DE,F,A        		 Revenue outflow (R/year)
        = DELAY FIXED (MAX((        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance), 0), annual budgetary adjustment, 0)
        Description: This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 7 (4.9%) (+) 3  [3,26] (-) 4  [18,24]
        Top(Type) Level Initial (0 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        Top(Type) Initial (0 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        Top(Type) Constant (25 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #1
        C        		 % annual revenue ringfenced per year (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.4
        Description: Equating to 40% of revenue each year being ringfenced for maintenance. Held constant in the baseline simulation and tested using sensitivity analysis. Possible variable for further policy testing.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #2
        C        		 % cost recovery (Dmnl)
        = 0.4
        Description: 40% cost recovery
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #3
        C        		 % of other urban users billable (Dmnl)
        = 0.75
        Description: This constant caters for the approximate proportion of other urban water users (including businesses and state institutions) that have meters and that the municipality bills for water
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • potential billable water Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #6
        C        		 annual budgetary adjustment (year)
        = 1
        Description: this variable performs the function of the 'lag time' in the DELAY FIXED function in the "Revenue outflow" flow.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #7
        C        		 annual municipal financial bailout (R/year)
        = 150000
        Description: The "bailout" constant simulates an annual injection of finances by the municipality to cover emergency maintenance. This constant is currently set rather crudely, but without it, absolutely no maintenance could be done.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #8
        C        		 average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (R/(ML/year))
        = 2500
        Description: Estimate. Needs further validation.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #9
        C        		 average annual water use per connected household (ML/(households*year))
        = 0.347
        Description: Average unit consumption figures of 250l/c/day for erf-connected households (Amatola Water, 2014):: 250*3.8*365 = 346750 l/Hh/a = (0.347 ML/Hh/year)
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #10
        C        		 average annual water user per unconnected household (ML/households/year)
        = 0.23
        Description: Average unit consumption figures of 130l/c/day for RDP or less supply (Amatola Water, 2014): 6-7): 130*5[average no. of ppl/unconnected Hh]*365 = 237 250 l/Hh/a = 0.23ML/Hh/a
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #11
        C,D        		 average connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'av conn rate','2','B3')
        Description: Estimates for 'connection rate' between 2006 and 2009 drawn from Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005) and validated through stakeholder interviews.See Table B.2 - Column 4 for details.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #12
        C        		 average lifetime of infrastructure (year)
        = 30
        Description: Averaging of differentiated depreciation (based on different asset types) is 30 YEARS.- this is based on the major 5 classes of assets listed in the 'depreciation table' on pages 74-5 in the following: Amatola Water. (2012). Annual Report 2011/2012. East London. Retrieved from http://www.amatolawater.co.za/files/documents/Annual_Report_2012_web.pdf
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #13
        C        		 average loss percentage (Dmnl)
        = 0.3
        Description: Accounting for an average bulk water loss of 30%. Held constant in the baseline simulation but a policy measure that can be tested (and which is tested in the sensitivity analysis).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #14
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'unconnected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 3
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #15
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'connected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 2
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #16
        C        		 average refurbishment and construction time (year)
        = 5
        Description: Average construction time of five years (from initiation to infrastructure coming online). This variable is tested in the sensitivity analysis between the range of 1.5 and 7.5 years.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #17
        C        		 average residency (year)
        = 10
        Description: Estimate of 10 years. Based on researcher's experience of low turnover of staff in the SRVM technical directorate between 2010 and 2015.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #30
        C        		 DELAY TIME (year)
        = 1
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #44
        C        		 fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.9
        Description: Currently set at 90% of the remaining (houseless) population in the Greater Kirkwood area as moving into unconnected households - could be set at 1 (or 0.99) though, which might be more realistic given that vast majority of housing backlog is poor individuals moving into unconnected households.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #47
        C        		 hiring rate (person/year)
        = 0.5
        Description: Estimate.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #52
        C,D        		 Kirkwood population DATA (person)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx','pop data','2','B3')
        Description: Population data in excel document "Kirkwood population data.xlsx" is from Statistics South Africa and Amatola Water (2014)Population data growth between 2001 and 2011 averages out at 3.7%/a - which is assumed to be primarily resulting from urbanisation from farming areas of the SRVM to the Kirkwood region (as recorded in report (Amatola Water, 2014) and validated by experiences of technical directorate.From 2011 - 2021 population growth rate is estimated at 1.5%/a - which report (Amatola Water, 2014) uses as 'medium growth as the 'medium growth scenario' and uses this for future projections. See Table B.2
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #54
        C        		 maximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)
        = 1.3
        Description: The maximum 'over-design capacity' factor is set at 1.3 (equating to 30% additional capacity). This is set as standard for all simulations except the simulation in which it is switched off ("No infrastructure overuse"), where it is set to 1.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • actual production This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #57
        C        		 perception of urgency (1/year)
        = 0.1
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        • required secondary activities Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #70
        C        		 reference maintenance value (Dmnl/year)
        = 0.08
        Description: Estimate: amount of infrastructure capacity that needs to be maintained, per year, for optimum performance is an average value of 8% of the infrastructure capacity
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • required maintenance Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #71
        C        		 reference unit productivity (ML/year/person/year)
        = 20
        Description: The reference value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year (estimated value of 20 used in baseline simulation model - tested in sensitivity analysis).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #90
        C        		 time to identify discrepancy (year)
        = 1
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #94
        C        		 unit charge (R/ML)
        = 1000
        Description: Guess: R10/KL = R1000/MLNote: this is the unit charge per ML of water - as paid by "fully connected households" and "other urban water users". Needs additional work for validating
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        Top(Type) Flow (11 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #21
        F,A        		 connection rate (households/year)
        = MAX(        Unconnected households*average connection rate DATA, 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #45
        F,A        		 growth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
        = (        remaining population requiring households/"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA")*fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #46
        F,A        		 hiring (person/year)
        =         hiring rate
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #49
        F,A        		 infrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        = MIN((        Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time), 0.75*technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 26  [6,17] (-) 32  [2,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #53
        F,A        		 leaving (person/year)
        =         Technical staff capacity in municipality/average residency
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #56
        F,A        		 obsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))
        = (        Infrastructure capacity/average lifetime of infrastructure)*effect of maintenance on obsolescence*"effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence"
        Description: Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Infrastructure capacity Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
        Feedback Loops: 71 (49.7%) (+) 33  [4,26] (-) 38  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #69
        F,A        		 recognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
        = IF THEN ELSE((        current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy)>0,(current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy), 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Required additional capacity Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
        Feedback Loops: 45 (31.5%) (+) 15  [14,19] (-) 30  [8,21]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #72
        F,A        		 refurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        = MIN(        Required additional capacity*perception of urgency,0.25* technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 32  [5,26] (-) 48  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #79
        F,A        		 Revenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        = MAX(        Revenue from water service delivery*"% annual revenue ringfenced per year", 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        • averaged revenue available for maintenance per year Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #81
        F,A        		 Revenue inflow (R/year)
        = ((        potential billable water*unit charge)*"% cost recovery")*pulse train annual income
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #82
        DE,F,A        		 Revenue outflow (R/year)
        = DELAY FIXED (MAX((        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance), 0), annual budgetary adjustment, 0)
        Description: This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 7 (4.9%) (+) 3  [3,26] (-) 4  [18,24]
        Top(Type) Auxiliary (61 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #4
        A        		 actual maintenance expenditure (R/year)
        =         averaged revenue available for maintenance per year+annual municipal financial bailout
        Description: Sum of the averaged revenue and the municipal bailout.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #5
        A        		 actual production (ML/year)
        = MIN(        Infrastructure capacity+Required additional capacity, (Infrastructure capacity*"maximum over-design capacity factor"))
        Description: This is the actual water produced each year - accounting for the infrastructural capacity + the additional water made available via pushing infrastructure above design capacity. The latter is calculated according to the 'required additional capacity' (on a needs-basis) to the maximum value of the product of the available infrastructure and the 'maximum over-design capacity factor' (1.3 - or 30% over design capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 108 (75.5%) (+) 46  [12,26] (-) 62  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #18
        SM        		 averaged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
        = SMOOTH(        Revenue dedicated to maintenance,DELAY TIME)
        Description: Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #20
        A        		 connected households population (person)
        =         Connected households*"average no. ppl. per connected household DATA"
        Description: total population living in connected households
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #21
        F,A        		 connection rate (households/year)
        = MAX(        Unconnected households*average connection rate DATA, 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 1  [6,6] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #22
        A        		 current productivity per unit technical staff capacity (ML/year/person/year)
        =         reference unit productivity*effect of technical staffing crisis
        Description: The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #23
        A        		 current supply of water (ML/year)
        =         potential supply of water*(1-0.95*pulse if crisis)
        Description: the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #24
        A        		 current total delivered water (ML/year)
        =         Current total delivered water to households+water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 24 (16.8%) (+) 12  [12,24] (-) 12  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #25
        A        		 Current total delivered water to households (ML/year)
        =         water delivered to connected households+water delivered to unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 16 (11.2%) (+) 8  [13,24] (-) 8  [13,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #26
        A        		 current total discrepancy (ML/year)
        =         discrepancy in water delivered to connected households+discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households+discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 69 (48.3%) (+) 27  [13,24] (-) 42  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #27
        A        		 current total household water demand (ML/year)
        =         water demand of connected households+water demand of unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #28
        A        		 current TOTAL water demand (ML/year)
        =         current total household water demand+current total water demand from other urban users
        Description: Sum of household and demand from other water users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #29
        A        		 current total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)
        =         current total household water demand*0.5
        Description: The assumption here is that the total amount of non-household water use in Kirkwood is roughly equal to 50% of the current total household water demand (this is an interim proxy variable).
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #31
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        =         water demand of connected households-water delivered to connected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #32
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        =         current total water demand from other urban users-water delivered to other urban users
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #33
        A        		 discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        =         water demand of unconnected households-water delivered to unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 9  [13,24] (-) 14  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #34
        A,T        		 effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP([(-11,0)-(50,10)],(-11,1),(-10,1),(0,1),(0.25,1.4),(0.5,1.65),(0.75,2),(1,9.3),(3,9.87),(4,10),(10,10),(50,10))

        Description: x axis = "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water"y axis = "effect of service delivery discrepancy on crises". See Figure A.8 and Equation 23 as described in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #35
        A        		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        = effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP(        ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance)
        Description: The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #36
        A,T        		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP([(-5,0)-(5,2)],(-5,1.5),(0,1.5),(0.0407332,1.49524),(0.0977597,1.45714),(0.175153,1.39048),(0.248473,1.31429),(0.346232,1.25714),(0.448065,1.2),(0.562118,1.1619),(0.708758,1.11429),(0.830957,1.05714),(1.05092,0.942857),(1.11202,0.895238),(1.1446,0.87619),(1.27088,0.838095),(1.38941,0.805714),(1.51039,0.797143),(1.5947,0.797143),(1.66436,0.797143),(1.73768,0.78),(1.79633,0.77),(1.80448,0.765),(1.89002,0.75),(1.95519,0.745),(1.97556,0.73),(1.99593,0.725),(2,0.7),(5,0.7))

        Description: x axis: maintenance performed;y axis: effect of maintenance performed on obsolescence rate.See Figure A.9 of Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #37
        A        		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        = "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"(        ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • obsolescence rate Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Feedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #38
        A,T        		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"([(0,0)-(1.3,1.5)],(0,1),(1,1),(1.03788,1.02857),(1.0723,1.06429),(1.11731,1.12857),(1.14908,1.16429),(1.16762,1.19286),(1.21527,1.25),(1.26558,1.27143),(1.29206,1.27857),(1.30265,1.27143))

        Description: X axis = over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity;Y axis = effect of 'x' on obsolescence rate (see Figure A.4 in Appendix A for details).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #39
        A        		 effect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)
        = effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP(        ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water)
        Description: Service delivery discrepancy is calculated using the variable "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water".The greater the discrepancy, the greater the effect of the discrepancy on crises.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • total required technical activities The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
        Feedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #40
        A        		 effect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        = effect of         technical staffing crisis LOOKUP(technical staffing crisis)
        Description: Effect of work pressure is to increase productivity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current productivity per unit technical staff capacity The productivity value for each technical staff member, averaged as the quantity of water supply infrastructure capacity (in ML/year) that each staff member could maintain per year, and multiplied by the effecting of the technical staffing crisis.
        Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #41
        A,T        		 effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP([(0,0)-(50,10)],(0,0.05),(0.3,0.18),(0.5,0.7),(0.8,0.9),(1,1),(1.3,1.2),(2,1.5),(5,1.5),(50,1.5))

        Description: See Figure A.7 in Appendix A for description.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #43
        A        		 financial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure*required maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [7,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #45
        F,A        		 growth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
        = (        remaining population requiring households/"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA")*fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #46
        F,A        		 hiring (person/year)
        =         hiring rate
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #49
        F,A        		 infrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        = MIN((        Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time), 0.75*technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 58 (40.6%) (+) 26  [6,17] (-) 32  [2,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #53
        F,A        		 leaving (person/year)
        =         Technical staff capacity in municipality/average residency
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Technical staff capacity in municipality Initial value selected to account for the following:1x technical director;1x water supply and sanitation supervisor;2x process controllers at the Kirkwood water-treatment works (WTW);2x process controllers at the Addo WTW;2x process controllers at the Enon-Bersheba WTW;2x process controllers at the Paterson WTW;
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [2,2]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #56
        F,A        		 obsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))
        = (        Infrastructure capacity/average lifetime of infrastructure)*effect of maintenance on obsolescence*"effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence"
        Description: Obsolescence rate influenced by two effects: the effect of maintenance and the effect of over-extending infrastructure above design capacity.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Infrastructure capacity Equivalent to a total supply capacity of 5 megalitres (ML) per day, running at a maximum of 365 days a year.
        Feedback Loops: 71 (49.7%) (+) 33  [4,26] (-) 38  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #58
        A        		 potential billable water (ML/year)
        =         water delivered to connected households+(water delivered to other urban users*"% of other urban users billable")
        Description: Potential billable water is estimated as those households that are metered, can realistically pay for water services, and those households that actually are billed. See equation 15 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #59
        A        		 potential maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        = MIN(        technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance,financial constraints on maintenance)
        Description: This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 65 (45.5%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 34  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #60
        A        		 potential supply of water (ML/year)
        =         actual production*MAX((1-average loss percentage),0.3)
        Description: "Potential supply of water" is the water that is available for delivering to users.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Feedback Loops: 105 (73.4%) (+) 45  [12,26] (-) 60  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #61
        A        		 pulse if crisis (Dmnl)
        = PULSE(        INITIAL TIME + 50, 0.019231)
        Description: Necessary to simulate one week interruption in water supply, starting 7.5 years after the initiation of the simulation
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • current supply of water the pulse if function produces 1 when it is active. This is converted to only allow 5% of the potential water supply through
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #62
        A        		 pulse train annual income (year/year)
        = PULSE TRAIN(        INITIAL TIME+1, 1, 2, FINAL TIME)
        Description: See Equation 16 in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #63
        A        		 ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
        =         actual maintenance expenditure/required maintenance expenditure per year
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 13 (9.1%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 7  [9,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #64
        A        		 ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)
        =         actual production/Infrastructure capacity
        Description: Ratio of quantity of water actually produced at the water-treatment works (actual production) over the designated 'infrastructure capacity' (i.e. the designed capacity)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 4 (2.8%) (+) 2  [4,13] (-) 2  [5,11]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #65
        A        		 ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)
        =         current total discrepancy/current total delivered water
        Description: This ratio is used to drive the 'crisis effect'
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 48 (33.6%) (+) 24  [12,24] (-) 24  [12,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #66
        A        		 ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
        =         potential maintenance/required maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 66 (46.2%) (+) 31  [7,26] (-) 35  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #67
        A        		 ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        =         required maintenance/total required technical activities
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 23 (16.1%) (+) 15  [8,19] (-) 8  [9,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #68
        A        		 ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        =         required secondary activities/total required technical activities
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 70 (49.0%) (+) 34  [5,24] (-) 36  [5,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #69
        F,A        		 recognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
        = IF THEN ELSE((        current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy)>0,(current total discrepancy/time to identify discrepancy), 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Required additional capacity Calculates the additional capacity required, based on the discrepancy between water delivered (the supply) and the demand
        Feedback Loops: 45 (31.5%) (+) 15  [14,19] (-) 30  [8,21]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #72
        F,A        		 refurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        = MIN(        Required additional capacity*perception of urgency,0.25* technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities)
        Description: Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 32  [5,26] (-) 48  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #73
        A        		 remaining population requiring households (person)
        = MAX(        Kirkwood population DATA-connected households population-unconnected households population, 0)
        Description: population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 2 (1.4%) (+) 2  [4,6] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #75
        A        		 required maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         Infrastructure capacity*reference maintenance value
        Description: Calculated as the product of the stock of infrastructure capacity and the standard amount of maintenance required per year.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 32 (22.4%) (+) 14  [7,26] (-) 18  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #76
        A        		 required maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)
        =         required maintenance*average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 1  [9,9]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #77
        A        		 required secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        = (        Required additional capacity*perception of urgency) + (Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment/average refurbishment and construction time)
        Description: Total activities required of technical staff for adding capacity to the water supply scheme throgh refurbishing current infrastructure and constructing new infrastructure. Influences the staffing sub-model.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 72 (50.3%) (+) 29  [5,24] (-) 43  [5,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #78
        A        		 required technical staff capacity (person)
        = (        required maintenance +required secondary activities)/reference unit productivity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • technical staffing crisis The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #79
        F,A        		 Revenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        = MAX(        Revenue from water service delivery*"% annual revenue ringfenced per year", 0)
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        • averaged revenue available for maintenance per year Revenue dedicated to maintenance is made available throughout the year - and therefore is averaged in the MoF model using a 'smooth' function. See Equation 19 in Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 14 (9.8%) (+) 7  [3,26] (-) 7  [2,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #81
        F,A        		 Revenue inflow (R/year)
        = ((        potential billable water*unit charge)*"% cost recovery")*pulse train annual income
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • Revenue from water service delivery Starts at 0 in order to simulate empty budget at the point of starting the simulation.
        • Revenue outflow This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Feedback Loops: 12 (8.4%) (+) 6  [17,26] (-) 6  [18,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #82
        DE,F,A        		 Revenue outflow (R/year)
        = DELAY FIXED (MAX((        Revenue inflow-Revenue dedicated to maintenance), 0), annual budgetary adjustment, 0)
        Description: This is all other expenditure (other than the revenue ringfenced for spending on water service delivery).Every year the budget is used up (i.e. the stock empties), which simulates the annual budgetary readjustments that are made in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 7 (4.9%) (+) 3  [3,26] (-) 4  [18,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #84
        A        		 technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • potential maintenance This variable (potential maintenance) is the point of the MoF model where the two constraints on maintenance inter-relate. This variable restrains the amount of maintenance that can be performed by taking the smallest of the two constraints: if there is adequate staff capacity but inadequate finances for maintenance, then finances constrain the maintenance that can be performed (with the converse holding true). See equation 25 of Appendix A for details.
        Feedback Loops: 51 (35.7%) (+) 24  [8,24] (-) 27  [9,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #85
        A        		 technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        =         ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities*Technical staff capacity in municipality*current productivity per unit technical staff capacity
        Description: Constraining effect of technical staff on secondary activities (including the planning, funding and initiating of infrastructure refurbishment and construction). This is the constraining effect influencing the infrastructure sub-model.
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • infrastructure completions this is a minimum of what the rate wants to be when there is no constraint - this is not the whole secondary activities - it's 0.75Modelled so that in times of technical and financial constraints, the municipality gives more attention to finishing infrastructure (that is currently under construction and being refurbished) that than starting new infrastructure
        • refurbishment and construction initiation Instead of dividing the secondary activities out equally, we give 75% attention to infrastructure completions and 25% refurbishment and construction initiation)
        Feedback Loops: 98 (68.5%) (+) 42  [5,26] (-) 56  [5,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #87
        A        		 technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        =         required technical staff capacity/Technical staff capacity in municipality
        Description: The staffing backlog - or the capacity shortages in the municipality - calculated as the ratio of the required technical staff capacity over the (actual) technical staff capacity in the municipality.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 56 (39.2%) (+) 17  [8,26] (-) 39  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #91
        A        		 total required technical activities (ML/(year*year))
        = (        required maintenance+required secondary activities)* effect of service delivery crises on technical activities
        Description: The 'total required technical activities' is the point of the MoF model where the required activities (both primary activities of maintenance and secondary activities) are influenced by the effect of service delivery crises. This is where the reinforcing feedback loop (R4 of Figure 2) kicks in.
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 80 (55.9%) (+) 47  [6,24] (-) 33  [6,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #93
        A        		 unconnected households population (person)
        =         Unconnected households*"average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA"
        Description: Total population living in unconnected households
        Present In 1 View:Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 1 (0.7%) (+) 1  [4,4] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #95
        A        		 water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of connected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [13,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #96
        A        		 water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        = (        current total water demand from other urban users/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 37 (25.9%) (+) 16  [12,26] (-) 21  [8,25]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #97
        A        		 water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        = (        water demand of unconnected households/current TOTAL water demand)*current supply of water
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 31 (21.7%) (+) 13  [13,24] (-) 18  [8,24]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #98
        A        		 water demand of connected households (ML/year)
        =         Connected households*average annual water use per connected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #99
        A        		 water demand of unconnected households (ML/year)
        =         Unconnected households*average annual water user per unconnected household
        Present In 1 View:Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        Top(Type) Subscripts (0 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        Top(Type) Data (4 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #11
        C,D        		 average connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'av conn rate','2','B3')
        Description: Estimates for 'connection rate' between 2006 and 2009 drawn from Kwezi V3 Engineers (2005) and validated through stakeholder interviews.See Table B.2 - Column 4 for details.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #14
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'unconnected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 3
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #15
        C,D        		 average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx', 'connected Hh','2','B3')
        Description: See Table B.2 - Column 2
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #52
        C,D        		 Kirkwood population DATA (person)
        = GET XLS DATA('Kirkwood population data.xlsx','pop data','2','B3')
        Description: Population data in excel document "Kirkwood population data.xlsx" is from Statistics South Africa and Amatola Water (2014)Population data growth between 2001 and 2011 averages out at 3.7%/a - which is assumed to be primarily resulting from urbanisation from farming areas of the SRVM to the Kirkwood region (as recorded in report (Amatola Water, 2014) and validated by experiences of technical directorate.From 2011 - 2021 population growth rate is estimated at 1.5%/a - which report (Amatola Water, 2014) uses as 'medium growth as the 'medium growth scenario' and uses this for future projections. See Table B.2
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • remaining population requiring households population less the populations living in connected and unconnected households (the housing backlog arising from urbanisation into the Kirkwood region - particularly from displacement of farm labourers following the transition of commercial farms to game (wildlife) reserves. See data from Connors (2007) which details number of farm labourers displaced between 1997 and 2005.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        Top(Type) Game (0 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        Top(Type) Lookup (4 Variables)
        Group
        Type
        		 Variable Name And Description
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #34
        A,T        		 effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP([(-11,0)-(50,10)],(-11,1),(-10,1),(0,1),(0.25,1.4),(0.5,1.65),(0.75,2),(1,9.3),(3,9.87),(4,10),(10,10),(50,10))

        Description: x axis = "ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water"y axis = "effect of service delivery discrepancy on crises". See Figure A.8 and Equation 23 as described in Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #36
        A,T        		 effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP([(-5,0)-(5,2)],(-5,1.5),(0,1.5),(0.0407332,1.49524),(0.0977597,1.45714),(0.175153,1.39048),(0.248473,1.31429),(0.346232,1.25714),(0.448065,1.2),(0.562118,1.1619),(0.708758,1.11429),(0.830957,1.05714),(1.05092,0.942857),(1.11202,0.895238),(1.1446,0.87619),(1.27088,0.838095),(1.38941,0.805714),(1.51039,0.797143),(1.5947,0.797143),(1.66436,0.797143),(1.73768,0.78),(1.79633,0.77),(1.80448,0.765),(1.89002,0.75),(1.95519,0.745),(1.97556,0.73),(1.99593,0.725),(2,0.7),(5,0.7))

        Description: x axis: maintenance performed;y axis: effect of maintenance performed on obsolescence rate.See Figure A.9 of Appendix A.
        Present In 1 View:        Used By
        • effect of maintenance on obsolescence The effect of maintenance on obsolescence influenced by the amount of the maintenance performed (calculated as the ratio of 'actual maintenance' to 'required maintenance'. See section A.6 of Appendix A.
        Feedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #38
        A,T        		 effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        "effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP"([(0,0)-(1.3,1.5)],(0,1),(1,1),(1.03788,1.02857),(1.0723,1.06429),(1.11731,1.12857),(1.14908,1.16429),(1.16762,1.19286),(1.21527,1.25),(1.26558,1.27143),(1.29206,1.27857),(1.30265,1.27143))

        Description: X axis = over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity;Y axis = effect of 'x' on obsolescence rate (see Figure A.4 in Appendix A for details).
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015 #41
        A,T        		 effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP([(0,0)-(50,10)],(0,0.05),(0.3,0.18),(0.5,0.7),(0.8,0.9),(1,1),(1.3,1.2),(2,1.5),(5,1.5),(50,1.5))

        Description: See Figure A.7 in Appendix A for description.
        Present In 1 View:        Used ByFeedback Loops: 0 (0.0%) (+) 0  [0,0] (-) 0  [0,0]

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        All Variables (97)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% annual revenue ringfenced per year (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% cost recovery (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% of other urban users billable (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aactual maintenance expenditure (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aactual production (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cannual budgetary adjustment (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cannual municipal financial bailout (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (R/(ML/year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual water use per connected household (ML/(households*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual water user per unconnected household (ML/households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage lifetime of infrastructure (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage loss percentage (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage refurbishment and construction time (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage residency (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015SMaveraged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LConnected households (households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aconnected households population (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aconnection rate (households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent productivity per unit technical staff capacity (ML/year/person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent supply of water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total delivered water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015ACurrent total delivered water to households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total discrepancy (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total household water demand (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent TOTAL water demand (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015CDELAY TIME (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        .ControlCFINAL TIME (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Afinancial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cfraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Agrowth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ahiring (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Chiring rate (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ainfrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        .ControlCINITIAL TIME (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,DKirkwood population DATA (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aleaving (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cmaximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aobsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cperception of urgency (1/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential billable water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential supply of water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse if crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse train annual income (year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arecognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Creference maintenance value (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Creference unit productivity (ML/year/person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arefurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aremaining population requiring households (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRequired additional capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired technical staff capacity (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRevenue from water service delivery (R)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue inflow (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015DE,F,ARevenue outflow (R/year)
        .ControlASAVEPER (year )
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015LTechnical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        .ControlCTIME STEP (year )
        MoF model-ISDC2015Ctime to identify discrepancy (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atotal required technical activities (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015LUnconnected households (households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aunconnected households population (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cunit charge (R/ML)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of unconnected households (ML/year)


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        Undocumented Variables (32)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aconnection rate (households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total delivered water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015ACurrent total delivered water to households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total discrepancy (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total household water demand (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015CDELAY TIME (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Afinancial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Agrowth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ahiring (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aleaving (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cperception of urgency (1/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arecognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired technical staff capacity (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue inflow (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Ctime to identify discrepancy (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of unconnected households (ML/year)


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        Supplementary Variables (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Supplementary Variables Being Used (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Unused Variables (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Stock Variables (7)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015LConnected households (households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRequired additional capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRevenue from water service delivery (R)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LTechnical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LUnconnected households (households)


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        Equations With Embedded Data (14)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015LConnected households (households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent supply of water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ainfrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential supply of water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse if crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse train annual income (year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arefurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRequired additional capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRevenue from water service delivery (R)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LTechnical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LUnconnected households (households)


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        Nonmonotonic Lookup Functions (1)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)


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        Non-Zero End Sloped Lookup Functions (2)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        Non-Zero
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)Right
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)Left

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        Cascading Lookup Functions (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Equations With Step Pulse Or Related Functions (1)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse if crisis (Dmnl)


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        Equations With If Then Else Functions (1)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arecognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))


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        Equations With Min Or Max Functions (9)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aactual production (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aconnection rate (households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ainfrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential supply of water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arefurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aremaining population requiring households (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015DE,F,ARevenue outflow (R/year)


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        Complex Variable (Richardson's Rule Threshold = 3) (3)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        Complexity
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aobsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))4
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired secondary activities (ML/(year*year))4
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue inflow (R/year)4

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        Complex Stock (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        State Variables (9)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015SMaveraged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LConnected households (households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRequired additional capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRevenue from water service delivery (R)
        MoF model-ISDC2015DE,F,ARevenue outflow (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LTechnical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LUnconnected households (households)


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        Variables With Source Information (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Variables With Dimensionless Units (21)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% cost recovery (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% of other urban users billable (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage loss percentage (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cmaximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse if crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse train annual income (year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staffing crisis (Dmnl)


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        Variables without Predefined Min or Max Values (93)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% annual revenue ringfenced per year (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% cost recovery (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% of other urban users billable (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aactual maintenance expenditure (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aactual production (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cannual budgetary adjustment (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cannual municipal financial bailout (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (R/(ML/year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual water use per connected household (ML/(households*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual water user per unconnected household (ML/households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage lifetime of infrastructure (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage loss percentage (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage refurbishment and construction time (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage residency (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015SMaveraged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LConnected households (households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aconnected households population (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aconnection rate (households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent productivity per unit technical staff capacity (ML/year/person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent supply of water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total delivered water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015ACurrent total delivered water to households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total discrepancy (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total household water demand (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent TOTAL water demand (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015CDELAY TIME (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Afinancial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cfraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Agrowth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ahiring (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Chiring rate (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ainfrastructure completions (ML/year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,DKirkwood population DATA (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aleaving (person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cmaximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aobsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cperception of urgency (1/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential billable water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential supply of water (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse if crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse train annual income (year/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arecognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Creference maintenance value (Dmnl/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Creference unit productivity (ML/year/person/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arefurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aremaining population requiring households (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRequired additional capacity (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired technical staff capacity (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRevenue from water service delivery (R)
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue inflow (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015DE,F,ARevenue outflow (R/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015LTechnical staff capacity in municipality (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staffing crisis (Dmnl)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Ctime to identify discrepancy (year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atotal required technical activities (ML/(year*year))
        MoF model-ISDC2015LUnconnected households (households)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aunconnected households population (person)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cunit charge (R/ML)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to other urban users (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of connected households (ML/year)
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of unconnected households (ML/year)


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        Function Sensitivity Parameters (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Data Lookup Tables (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Variables Using Macros (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Variables Not In Any View (0)

        Group
        Type
        Variable


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        Equations With Unit Errors Or Warnings (1)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        Units
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance expenditure per year (R/year) LHS Units: (R/Year)
        RHS Units: (R/Year*Year*Year)
        Complete RHS Units: ( ML/(year*year) * R/(ML/year) )

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        Feedback Loops (143|143 Maximum Length: Unlimited)

        Group
        Type
        Variable
        Loops
         + 
         - 
         +/- Ratio 
         ? 
        Loops (IVV)
         + 
         - 
         +/- Ratio 
         ? 
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure capacity (ML/year)117 (81.8%)56 [ 4,26]61 [ 2,25]0.920 [ 0, 0]117 (81.8%)56 [ 4,26]61 [ 2,25]0.920 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aactual production (ML/year)108 (75.5%)46 [12,26]62 [ 5,25]0.740 [ 0, 0]108 (75.5%)46 [12,26]62 [ 5,25]0.740 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent supply of water (ML/year)105 (73.4%)45 [12,26]60 [ 8,25]0.750 [ 0, 0]105 (73.4%)45 [12,26]60 [ 8,25]0.750 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential supply of water (ML/year)105 (73.4%)45 [12,26]60 [ 8,25]0.750 [ 0, 0]105 (73.4%)45 [12,26]60 [ 8,25]0.750 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (ML/(year*year))98 (68.5%)42 [ 5,26]56 [ 5,25]0.750 [ 0, 0]98 (68.5%)42 [ 5,26]56 [ 5,25]0.750 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arefurbishment and construction initiation (ML/(year*year))80 (55.9%)32 [ 5,26]48 [ 2,25]0.670 [ 0, 0]80 (55.9%)32 [ 5,26]48 [ 2,25]0.670 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atotal required technical activities (ML/(year*year))80 (55.9%)47 [ 6,24]33 [ 6,24]1.420 [ 0, 0]80 (55.9%)47 [ 6,24]33 [ 6,24]1.420 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRequired additional capacity (ML/year)79 (55.2%)23 [ 6,26]56 [ 2,25]0.410 [ 0, 0]79 (55.2%)23 [ 6,26]56 [ 2,25]0.410 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired secondary activities (ML/(year*year))72 (50.3%)29 [ 5,24]43 [ 5,24]0.670 [ 0, 0]72 (50.3%)29 [ 5,24]43 [ 5,24]0.670 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aobsolescence rate (ML/(year*year))71 (49.7%)33 [ 4,26]38 [ 2,25]0.870 [ 0, 0]71 (49.7%)33 [ 4,26]38 [ 2,25]0.870 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (Dmnl)70 (49.0%)34 [ 5,24]36 [ 5,24]0.940 [ 0, 0]70 (49.0%)34 [ 5,24]36 [ 5,24]0.940 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total discrepancy (ML/year)69 (48.3%)27 [13,24]42 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]69 (48.3%)27 [13,24]42 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of maintenance on obsolescence (Dmnl)66 (46.2%)31 [ 7,26]35 [ 5,25]0.890 [ 0, 0]66 (46.2%)31 [ 7,26]35 [ 5,25]0.890 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (Dmnl)66 (46.2%)31 [ 7,26]35 [ 5,25]0.890 [ 0, 0]66 (46.2%)31 [ 7,26]35 [ 5,25]0.890 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential maintenance (ML/(year*year))65 (45.5%)31 [ 7,26]34 [ 9,25]0.910 [ 0, 0]65 (45.5%)31 [ 7,26]34 [ 9,25]0.910 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ainfrastructure completions (ML/year/year)58 (40.6%)26 [ 6,17]32 [ 2,24]0.810 [ 0, 0]58 (40.6%)26 [ 6,17]32 [ 2,24]0.810 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015LInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment (ML/year)58 (40.6%)27 [ 5,24]31 [ 2,24]0.870 [ 0, 0]58 (40.6%)27 [ 5,24]31 [ 2,24]0.870 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent productivity per unit technical staff capacity (ML/year/person/year)56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of technical staffing crisis (Dmnl)56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired technical staff capacity (person)56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staffing crisis (Dmnl)56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]56 (39.2%)17 [ 8,26]39 [ 8,25]0.440 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Atechnical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))51 (35.7%)24 [ 8,24]27 [ 9,24]0.890 [ 0, 0]51 (35.7%)24 [ 8,24]27 [ 9,24]0.890 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of service delivery crises on technical activities (Dmnl)48 (33.6%)24 [12,24]24 [12,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]48 (33.6%)24 [12,24]24 [12,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (Dmnl)48 (33.6%)24 [12,24]24 [12,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]48 (33.6%)24 [12,24]24 [12,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Arecognition of discrepancy (ML/(year*year))45 (31.5%)15 [14,19]30 [ 8,21]0.500 [ 0, 0]45 (31.5%)15 [14,19]30 [ 8,21]0.500 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to connected households (ML/year)37 (25.9%)16 [13,26]21 [ 8,25]0.760 [ 0, 0]37 (25.9%)16 [13,26]21 [ 8,25]0.760 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to other urban users (ML/year)37 (25.9%)16 [12,26]21 [ 8,25]0.760 [ 0, 0]37 (25.9%)16 [12,26]21 [ 8,25]0.760 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance (ML/(year*year))32 (22.4%)14 [ 7,26]18 [ 5,25]0.780 [ 0, 0]32 (22.4%)14 [ 7,26]18 [ 5,25]0.780 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)31 (21.7%)13 [13,24]18 [ 8,24]0.720 [ 0, 0]31 (21.7%)13 [13,24]18 [ 8,24]0.720 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total delivered water (ML/year)24 (16.8%)12 [12,24]12 [12,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]24 (16.8%)12 [12,24]12 [12,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to connected households (ML/year)23 (16.1%)9 [13,24]14 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]23 (16.1%)9 [13,24]14 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (ML/year)23 (16.1%)9 [13,24]14 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]23 (16.1%)9 [13,24]14 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Adiscrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (ML/year)23 (16.1%)9 [13,24]14 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]23 (16.1%)9 [13,24]14 [ 8,24]0.640 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (Dmnl)23 (16.1%)15 [ 8,19]8 [ 9,24]1.880 [ 0, 0]23 (16.1%)15 [ 8,19]8 [ 9,24]1.880 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015ACurrent total delivered water to households (ML/year)16 (11.2%)8 [13,24]8 [13,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]16 (11.2%)8 [13,24]8 [13,24]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Afinancial constraints on maintenance (ML/(year*year))14 (9.8%)7 [ 7,26]7 [ 9,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]14 (9.8%)7 [ 7,26]7 [ 9,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue dedicated to maintenance (R/year)14 (9.8%)7 [ 3,26]7 [ 2,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]14 (9.8%)7 [ 3,26]7 [ 2,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015LRevenue from water service delivery (R)14 (9.8%)7 [ 3,26]7 [ 2,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]14 (9.8%)7 [ 3,26]7 [ 2,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (Dmnl)13 (9.1%)6 [17,26]7 [ 9,25]0.860 [ 0, 0]13 (9.1%)6 [17,26]7 [ 9,25]0.860 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aactual maintenance expenditure (R/year)12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015SMaveraged revenue available for maintenance per year (R/year)12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apotential billable water (ML/year)12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,ARevenue inflow (R/year)12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]12 (8.4%)6 [17,26]6 [18,25]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015DE,F,ARevenue outflow (R/year)7 (4.9%)3 [ 3,26]4 [18,24]0.750 [ 0, 0]7 (4.9%)3 [ 3,26]4 [18,24]0.750 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aeffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (Dmnl)4 (2.8%)2 [ 4,13]2 [ 5,11]1.000 [ 0, 0]4 (2.8%)2 [ 4,13]2 [ 5,11]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (Dmnl)4 (2.8%)2 [ 4,13]2 [ 5,11]1.000 [ 0, 0]4 (2.8%)2 [ 4,13]2 [ 5,11]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015LUnconnected households (households)3 (2.1%)2 [ 4, 6]1 [ 2, 2]2.000 [ 0, 0]3 (2.1%)2 [ 4, 6]1 [ 2, 2]2.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aconnection rate (households/year)2 (1.4%)1 [ 6, 6]1 [ 2, 2]1.000 [ 0, 0]2 (1.4%)1 [ 6, 6]1 [ 2, 2]1.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Agrowth in no. of unconnected households (households/year)2 (1.4%)2 [ 4, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]2 (1.4%)2 [ 4, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aremaining population requiring households (person)2 (1.4%)2 [ 4, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]2 (1.4%)2 [ 4, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015LConnected households (households)1 (0.7%)1 [ 6, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]1 (0.7%)1 [ 6, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aconnected households population (person)1 (0.7%)1 [ 6, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]1 (0.7%)1 [ 6, 6]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Aleaving (person/year)1 (0.7%)0 [ 0, 0]1 [ 2, 2]0.000 [ 0, 0]1 (0.7%)0 [ 0, 0]1 [ 2, 2]0.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Arequired maintenance expenditure per year (R/year)1 (0.7%)0 [ 0, 0]1 [ 9, 9]0.000 [ 0, 0]1 (0.7%)0 [ 0, 0]1 [ 9, 9]0.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015LTechnical staff capacity in municipality (person)1 (0.7%)0 [ 0, 0]1 [ 2, 2]0.000 [ 0, 0]1 (0.7%)0 [ 0, 0]1 [ 2, 2]0.000 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Aunconnected households population (person)1 (0.7%)1 [ 4, 4]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]1 (0.7%)1 [ 4, 4]0 [ 0, 0]Infinite0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% annual revenue ringfenced per year (Dmnl/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% cost recovery (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015C% of other urban users billable (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cannual budgetary adjustment (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cannual municipal financial bailout (R/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (R/(ML/year))0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual water use per connected household (ML/(households*year))0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage annual water user per unconnected household (ML/households/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage connection rate DATA (Dmnl/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage lifetime of infrastructure (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage loss percentage (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage no. ppl. per connected household DATA (person/households)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,Daverage no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (person/households)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage refurbishment and construction time (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Caverage residency (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total household water demand (ML/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent TOTAL water demand (ML/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Acurrent total water demand from other urban users (ML/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015CDELAY TIME (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015A,Teffect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        .ControlCFINAL TIME (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cfraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (Dmnl/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015F,Ahiring (person/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Chiring rate (person/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        .ControlCINITIAL TIME (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015C,DKirkwood population DATA (person)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cmaximum over-design capacity factor (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cperception of urgency (1/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse if crisis (Dmnl)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Apulse train annual income (year/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Creference maintenance value (Dmnl/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Creference unit productivity (ML/year/person/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        .ControlASAVEPER (year )0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        .ControlCTIME STEP (year )0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Ctime to identify discrepancy (year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Cunit charge (R/ML)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of connected households (ML/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]
        MoF model-ISDC2015Awater demand of unconnected households (ML/year)0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]0 (0.0%)0 [ 0, 0]0 [ 0, 0]NA0 [ 0, 0]

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        Macros (0)

        Name
        Macro Definition
        Expanded Macro Definition


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        Positive Polarity Causal Links (112)

        Cause
        Effect
        Polarity
        % annual revenue ringfenced per yearRevenue dedicated to maintenance+
        % cost recoveryRevenue inflow+
        % of other urban users billablepotential billable water+
        actual maintenance expenditureratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure+
        actual productionpotential supply of water+
        actual productionratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity+
        annual budgetary adjustmentRevenue outflow+
        annual municipal financial bailoutactual maintenance expenditure+
        average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenancerequired maintenance expenditure per year+
        average annual water use per connected householdwater demand of connected households+
        average annual water user per unconnected householdwater demand of unconnected households+
        average connection rate DATAconnection rate+
        average loss percentagepotential supply of water+
        average no. ppl. per connected household DATAconnected households population+
        average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATAunconnected households population+
        averaged revenue available for maintenance per yearactual maintenance expenditure+
        Connected householdsconnected households population+
        Connected householdswater demand of connected households+
        connected households populationremaining population requiring households+
        connection rateConnected households+
        current productivity per unit technical staff capacitytechnical staff capacity constraints on maintenance+
        current productivity per unit technical staff capacitytechnical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities+
        current supply of waterwater delivered to connected households+
        current supply of waterwater delivered to other urban users+
        current supply of waterwater delivered to unconnected households+
        Current total delivered water to householdscurrent total delivered water+
        current total discrepancyratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water+
        current total discrepancyrecognition of discrepancy+
        current total household water demandcurrent TOTAL water demand+
        current total household water demandcurrent total water demand from other urban users+
        current total water demand from other urban userscurrent TOTAL water demand+
        current total water demand from other urban usersdiscrepancy in water delivered to other urban users+
        current total water demand from other urban userswater delivered to other urban users+
        DELAY TIMEaveraged revenue available for maintenance per year+
        discrepancy in water delivered to connected householdscurrent total discrepancy+
        discrepancy in water delivered to other urban userscurrent total discrepancy+
        discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected householdscurrent total discrepancy+
        effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUPeffect of service delivery crises on technical activities+
        effect of maintenance on obsolescenceobsolescence rate+
        effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescenceobsolescence rate+
        effect of service delivery crises on technical activitiestotal required technical activities+
        effect of technical staffing crisiscurrent productivity per unit technical staff capacity+
        effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUPeffect of technical staffing crisis+
        financial constraints on maintenancepotential maintenance+
        fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwoodgrowth in no. of unconnected households+
        growth in no. of unconnected householdsUnconnected households+
        hiringTechnical staff capacity in municipality+
        hiring ratehiring+
        Infrastructure capacityactual production+
        Infrastructure capacityobsolescence rate+
        Infrastructure capacityrequired maintenance+
        infrastructure completionsInfrastructure capacity+
        Infrastructure under construction and refurbishmentinfrastructure completions+
        Infrastructure under construction and refurbishmentrequired secondary activities+
        INITIAL TIMEpulse if crisis+
        Kirkwood population DATAremaining population requiring households+
        maximum over-design capacity factoractual production+
        perception of urgencyrefurbishment and construction initiation+
        perception of urgencyrequired secondary activities+
        potential billable waterRevenue inflow+
        potential maintenanceratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance+
        potential supply of watercurrent supply of water+
        pulse train annual incomeRevenue inflow+
        ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditurefinancial constraints on maintenance+
        ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered watereffect of service delivery crises on technical activities+
        ratio required maintenance to total required technical activitiestechnical staff capacity constraints on maintenance+
        ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activitiestechnical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities+
        recognition of discrepancyRequired additional capacity+
        reference maintenance valuerequired maintenance+
        reference unit productivitycurrent productivity per unit technical staff capacity+
        refurbishment and construction initiationInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment+
        remaining population requiring householdsgrowth in no. of unconnected households+
        Required additional capacityactual production+
        Required additional capacityrefurbishment and construction initiation+
        Required additional capacityrequired secondary activities+
        required maintenancefinancial constraints on maintenance+
        required maintenanceratio required maintenance to total required technical activities+
        required maintenancerequired maintenance expenditure per year+
        required maintenancerequired technical staff capacity+
        required maintenancetotal required technical activities+
        required secondary activitiesratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities+
        required secondary activitiesrequired technical staff capacity+
        required secondary activitiestotal required technical activities+
        required technical staff capacitytechnical staffing crisis+
        Revenue dedicated to maintenanceaveraged revenue available for maintenance per year+
        Revenue from water service deliveryRevenue dedicated to maintenance+
        Revenue inflowRevenue from water service delivery+
        Revenue inflowRevenue outflow+
        technical staff capacity constraints on maintenancepotential maintenance+
        technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activitiesinfrastructure completions+
        technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activitiesrefurbishment and construction initiation+
        Technical staff capacity in municipalityleaving+
        Technical staff capacity in municipalitytechnical staff capacity constraints on maintenance+
        Technical staff capacity in municipalitytechnical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities+
        technical staffing crisiseffect of technical staffing crisis+
        TIME STEPSAVEPER+
        Unconnected householdsconnection rate+
        Unconnected householdsunconnected households population+
        Unconnected householdswater demand of unconnected households+
        unconnected households populationremaining population requiring households+
        unit chargeRevenue inflow+
        water delivered to connected householdsCurrent total delivered water to households+
        water delivered to connected householdspotential billable water+
        water delivered to other urban userscurrent total delivered water+
        water delivered to other urban userspotential billable water+
        water delivered to unconnected householdsCurrent total delivered water to households+
        water demand of connected householdscurrent total household water demand+
        water demand of connected householdsdiscrepancy in water delivered to connected households+
        water demand of connected householdswater delivered to connected households+
        water demand of unconnected householdscurrent total household water demand+
        water demand of unconnected householdsdiscrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households+
        water demand of unconnected householdswater delivered to unconnected households+


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        Negative Polarity Causal Links (31)

        Cause
        Effect
        Polarity
        average lifetime of infrastructureobsolescence rate-
        average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATAgrowth in no. of unconnected households-
        average refurbishment and construction timeinfrastructure completions-
        average refurbishment and construction timerequired secondary activities-
        average residencyleaving-
        connection rateUnconnected households-
        current total delivered waterratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water-
        current TOTAL water demandwater delivered to connected households-
        current TOTAL water demandwater delivered to other urban users-
        current TOTAL water demandwater delivered to unconnected households-
        effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUPeffect of maintenance on obsolescence-
        Infrastructure capacityratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity-
        infrastructure completionsInfrastructure under construction and refurbishment-
        leavingTechnical staff capacity in municipality-
        obsolescence rateInfrastructure capacity-
        pulse if crisiscurrent supply of water-
        ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenanceeffect of maintenance on obsolescence-
        reference unit productivityrequired technical staff capacity-
        refurbishment and construction initiationRequired additional capacity-
        required maintenanceratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance-
        required maintenance expenditure per yearratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure-
        Revenue dedicated to maintenanceRevenue from water service delivery-
        Revenue dedicated to maintenanceRevenue outflow-
        Revenue outflowRevenue from water service delivery-
        Technical staff capacity in municipalitytechnical staffing crisis-
        time to identify discrepancyrecognition of discrepancy-
        total required technical activitiesratio required maintenance to total required technical activities-
        total required technical activitiesratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities-
        water delivered to connected householdsdiscrepancy in water delivered to connected households-
        water delivered to other urban usersdiscrepancy in water delivered to other urban users-
        water delivered to unconnected householdsdiscrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households-


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        Function-based Polarity Causal Links (4)

        Cause
        Effect
        Polarity
        effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUPeffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescenceFunction[LOOKUP]
        FINAL TIMEpulse train annual incomeFunction[PULSETRAIN]
        INITIAL TIMEpulse train annual incomeFunction[PULSETRAIN]
        ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacityeffect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescenceFunction[LOOKUP]


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        View-Variable Profile

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        View-Variable Profile
        View 1                                                                                                                                                                                             93 vars (93.9%)

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        List Of 1 views and their 93 Variables

         
        View 1
        		  
        Total: 93 Total:
        maximum over-design capacity factor (In 1 View)     maximum over-design capacity factor (In 1 View)
        discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (In 1 View)     discrepancy in water delivered to other urban users (In 1 View)
        effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (In 1 View)     effect of technical staffing crisis LOOKUP (In 1 View)
        annual budgetary adjustment (In 1 View)     annual budgetary adjustment (In 1 View)
        Revenue from water service delivery (In 1 View)     Revenue from water service delivery (In 1 View)
        potential supply of water (In 1 View)     potential supply of water (In 1 View)
        current total discrepancy (In 1 View)     current total discrepancy (In 1 View)
        total required technical activities (In 1 View)     total required technical activities (In 1 View)
        infrastructure completions (In 1 View)     infrastructure completions (In 1 View)
        pulse if crisis (In 1 View)     pulse if crisis (In 1 View)
        time to identify discrepancy (In 1 View)     time to identify discrepancy (In 1 View)
        water delivered to unconnected households (In 1 View)     water delivered to unconnected households (In 1 View)
        ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (In 1 View)     ratio required secondary activities to total required technical activities (In 1 View)
        average annual water user per unconnected household (In 1 View)     average annual water user per unconnected household (In 1 View)
        water demand of connected households (In 1 View)     water demand of connected households (In 1 View)
        average connection rate DATA (In 1 View)     average connection rate DATA (In 1 View)
        Connected households (In 1 View)     Connected households (In 1 View)
        Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment (In 1 View)     Infrastructure under construction and refurbishment (In 1 View)
        Revenue outflow (In 1 View)     Revenue outflow (In 1 View)
        water demand of unconnected households (In 1 View)     water demand of unconnected households (In 1 View)
        potential billable water (In 1 View)     potential billable water (In 1 View)
        effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (In 1 View)     effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence rate LOOKUP (In 1 View)
        effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (In 1 View)     effect of maintenance on obsolescence LOOKUP (In 1 View)
        average lifetime of infrastructure (In 1 View)     average lifetime of infrastructure (In 1 View)
        ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (In 1 View)     ratio of current total discrepancy over current total delivered water (In 1 View)
        unit charge (In 1 View)     unit charge (In 1 View)
        Kirkwood population DATA (In 1 View)     Kirkwood population DATA (In 1 View)
        effect of technical staffing crisis (In 1 View)     effect of technical staffing crisis (In 1 View)
        water delivered to connected households (In 1 View)     water delivered to connected households (In 1 View)
        water delivered to other urban users (In 1 View)     water delivered to other urban users (In 1 View)
        effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (In 1 View)     effect of discrepancy on service delivery crises LOOKUP (In 1 View)
        averaged revenue available for maintenance per year (In 1 View)     averaged revenue available for maintenance per year (In 1 View)
        ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (In 1 View)     ratio of actual production to infrastructure capacity (In 1 View)
        Revenue dedicated to maintenance (In 1 View)     Revenue dedicated to maintenance (In 1 View)
        actual production (In 1 View)     actual production (In 1 View)
        recognition of discrepancy (In 1 View)     recognition of discrepancy (In 1 View)
        effect of maintenance on obsolescence (In 1 View)     effect of maintenance on obsolescence (In 1 View)
        technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (In 1 View)     technical staff capacity constraints on secondary activities (In 1 View)
        perception of urgency (In 1 View)     perception of urgency (In 1 View)
        leaving (In 1 View)     leaving (In 1 View)
        current total household water demand (In 1 View)     current total household water demand (In 1 View)
        annual municipal financial bailout (In 1 View)     annual municipal financial bailout (In 1 View)
        required maintenance (In 1 View)     required maintenance (In 1 View)
        effect of service delivery crises on technical activities (In 1 View)     effect of service delivery crises on technical activities (In 1 View)
        Revenue inflow (In 1 View)     Revenue inflow (In 1 View)
        average refurbishment and construction time (In 1 View)     average refurbishment and construction time (In 1 View)
        ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (In 1 View)     ratio of potential maintenance to required maintenance (In 1 View)
        hiring (In 1 View)     hiring (In 1 View)
        % annual revenue ringfenced per year (In 1 View)     % annual revenue ringfenced per year (In 1 View)
        connection rate (In 1 View)     connection rate (In 1 View)
        required maintenance expenditure per year (In 1 View)     required maintenance expenditure per year (In 1 View)
        financial constraints on maintenance (In 1 View)     financial constraints on maintenance (In 1 View)
        technical staffing crisis (In 1 View)     technical staffing crisis (In 1 View)
        average residency (In 1 View)     average residency (In 1 View)
        obsolescence rate (In 1 View)     obsolescence rate (In 1 View)
        unconnected households population (In 1 View)     unconnected households population (In 1 View)
        Unconnected households (In 1 View)     Unconnected households (In 1 View)
        reference maintenance value (In 1 View)     reference maintenance value (In 1 View)
        average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (In 1 View)     average annual maintenance cost per ML infrastructure capacity requiring maintenance (In 1 View)
        average loss percentage (In 1 View)     average loss percentage (In 1 View)
        refurbishment and construction initiation (In 1 View)     refurbishment and construction initiation (In 1 View)
        reference unit productivity (In 1 View)     reference unit productivity (In 1 View)
        % cost recovery (In 1 View)     % cost recovery (In 1 View)
        pulse train annual income (In 1 View)     pulse train annual income (In 1 View)
        current total delivered water (In 1 View)     current total delivered water (In 1 View)
        remaining population requiring households (In 1 View)     remaining population requiring households (In 1 View)
        Current total delivered water to households (In 1 View)     Current total delivered water to households (In 1 View)
        ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (In 1 View)     ratio of actual annual expenditure on maintenance to required maintenance expenditure (In 1 View)
        DELAY TIME (In 1 View)     DELAY TIME (In 1 View)
        discrepancy in water delivered to connected households (In 1 View)     discrepancy in water delivered to connected households (In 1 View)
        average annual water use per connected household (In 1 View)     average annual water use per connected household (In 1 View)
        Required additional capacity (In 1 View)     Required additional capacity (In 1 View)
        ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (In 1 View)     ratio required maintenance to total required technical activities (In 1 View)
        Infrastructure capacity (In 1 View)     Infrastructure capacity (In 1 View)
        actual maintenance expenditure (In 1 View)     actual maintenance expenditure (In 1 View)
        % of other urban users billable (In 1 View)     % of other urban users billable (In 1 View)
        hiring rate (In 1 View)     hiring rate (In 1 View)
        growth in no. of unconnected households (In 1 View)     growth in no. of unconnected households (In 1 View)
        effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (In 1 View)     effect of over-extension of infrastructure above design capacity on obsolescence (In 1 View)
        average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (In 1 View)     average no. ppl. per unconnected household DATA (In 1 View)
        connected households population (In 1 View)     connected households population (In 1 View)
        Technical staff capacity in municipality (In 1 View)     Technical staff capacity in municipality (In 1 View)
        current productivity per unit technical staff capacity (In 1 View)     current productivity per unit technical staff capacity (In 1 View)
        potential maintenance (In 1 View)     potential maintenance (In 1 View)
        required technical staff capacity (In 1 View)     required technical staff capacity (In 1 View)
        current total water demand from other urban users (In 1 View)     current total water demand from other urban users (In 1 View)
        technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (In 1 View)     technical staff capacity constraints on maintenance (In 1 View)
        current TOTAL water demand (In 1 View)     current TOTAL water demand (In 1 View)
        average no. ppl. per connected household DATA (In 1 View)     average no. ppl. per connected household DATA (In 1 View)
        discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (In 1 View)     discrepancy in water delivered to unconnected households (In 1 View)
        fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (In 1 View)     fraction of remaining population moving into unconnected households in Kirkwood (In 1 View)
        required secondary activities (In 1 View)     required secondary activities (In 1 View)
        current supply of water (In 1 View)     current supply of water (In 1 View)
        Total: 93 Total:
         
        View 1
        		  
        Source File: /Users/Jai/Documents/Dropbox/RHODES WORK/CURRENT WRITE-UP!/SD/SYNTHESIS model/ISDC 2015 paper/MoF model-ISDC2015-v17March15/MoF model-ISDC2015.mdl (Tue Mar 17 11:59:02 GMT 2015)
        Report Created On Tue Mar 17 12:04:10 GMT 2015
        Sdm Doc Tool Version J1.0
        Decision And Information Sciences Division
        Argonne National Laboratory